一、实验环境  

环境：CentOS6.5

软件：mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64

二、实验步骤  

二进制包安装mysql数据库,二进制安装无需编译，即直接解压放置安装的目录即可

1）二进制安装mysql5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz ,解压。
tar xf mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64.tar.gz 

mv mysql-5.5.32-linux2.6-x86_64 /application/mysql

2）创建mysql用户  
useradd mysql -s /sbin/nologin/ -M 

3）授权/application/mysql
chown -R mysql.mysql /application/mysql

4）初始化数据库
cd /application/mysql

mysql]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –basedir=/application/mysql –datadir=/application/mysql/data/ 
WARNING: The host ‘lnmp01’ could not be looked up with resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 % compatible
with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld, should work
normally with the exception that host name resolving will not work.
This means that you should use IP addresses instead of hostnames
when specifying MySQL privileges !
Installing MySQL system tables…
160609 22:14:24 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.49) starting as process 10430 …
ERROR: 1005  Can’t create table ‘tmp_db’ (errno: 13)
160609 22:14:24 [ERROR] Aborting

160609 22:14:24 [Note] /application/mysql/bin/mysqld: Shutdown complete

Installation of system tables failed!  Examine the logs in
/application/mysql/data/ for more information.

You can try to start the mysqld daemon with:

    shell> /application/mysql/bin/mysqld –skip-grant &

and use the command line tool /application/mysql/bin/mysql
to connect to the mysql database and look at the grant tables:

    shell> /application/mysql/bin/mysql -u root mysql
    mysql> show tables

Try ‘mysqld –help’ if you have problems with paths.  Using –log
gives you a log in /application/mysql/data/ that may be helpful.

Please consult the MySQL manual section
‘Problems running mysql_install_db’, and the manual section that
describes problems on your OS.  Another information source are the
MySQL email archives available at http://lists.mysql.com/.

Please check all of the above before submitting a bug report
at http://bugs.mysql.com/

如出现上诉错误，原因是mysql无法向/tmp/目录写入’tmp_db’，解决方法：给/tmp目录授权:chown -R mysql.mysql /tmp/,再次初始化即可。   

Installing MySQL system tables…
160610  0:36:37 [Note] /application/mysql//bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.49) starting as process 11463 …
OK
Filling help tables…
160610  0:36:37 [Note] /application/mysql//bin/mysqld (mysqld 5.5.49) starting as process 11470 …
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

出现两个OK代表mysql数据库安装成功。 

5）生成配置文件    
\cp /application/mysql/support-files/mysql-small.cnf /etc/my.cnf  

6）配置启动mysql    
sed -i ‘s#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g’ /application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe 

/application/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe & 后台启动mysql    

7）写入环境变量  
vi /etc/profile 

PATH=”/application/mysql/bin:$PATH”

source /etc/profile  

或者
root@lnmp01 application]# cp /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/sbin/
[root@lnmp01 application]# which mysql
/usr/local/sbin/mysql

8）修改启动方法

cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

 sed -i ‘s#/usr/local/mysql#/application/mysql#g’ /etc/init.d/mysqld 

 chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

 chkconfig mysqld on  

 /etc/init.d/mysqld start 

9.登录mysql   
[root@lnmp01 application]# mysql
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.49 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type ‘help;’ or ‘\h’ for help. Type ‘\c’ to clear the current input statement.

mysql> 

10.设置密码和更改密码 
/application/mysql/bin/mysqladmin -u root -password ‘new-password’
/application/mysql//bin/mysqladmin -u root -h lnmp01 password ‘new-password’

mysqladmin -uroot password “chen”  —设置密码
mysqladmin -uroot -pchen password “chen123”—修改密码

本文转自chengong1013 51CTO博客，原文链接：http://blog.51cto.com/purify/1790522，如需转载请自行联系原作者