好文：np.newaxis是什么，什么时候用
np.newaxis的作用就是在这一位置增加一个一维，这一位置指的是np.newaxis所在的位置，比较抽象，需要配合例子理解。

x1 = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
# the shape of x1 is (5,)
x1_new = x1[:, np.newaxis]
# now, the shape of x1_new is (5, 1)
# array([[1],
#        [2],
#        [3],
#        [4],
#        [5]])
x1_new = x1[np.newaxis,:]
# now, the shape of x1_new is (1, 5)
# array([[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]])

再来一个例子

In [124]: arr = np.arange(5*5).reshape(5,5)

In [125]: arr.shape
Out[125]: (5, 5)

# promoting 2D array to a 5D array
In [126]: arr_5D = arr[np.newaxis, ..., np.newaxis, np.newaxis]

In [127]: arr_5D.shape
Out[127]: (1, 5, 5, 1, 1)