sql – 从查询数据创建列

测试数据:

create temp table l (id integer,name text);
create temp table t (id integer);
create temp table t_i18n(id integer,l_id integer,t_id integer,name text);
insert into l(id, name) values
(1, 'lang_1'),
(2, 'lang_2');
insert into t(id) values(1);
insert into t_i18n(id, l_id, t_id, name) values 
(1, 1, 1, 'Text in the language one'),
(2, 2, 1, 'Text in the language two');

执行此查询后:

select *
from t
inner join t_i18n i18n
on i18n.t_id = t.id;

我有这个结果:

 id | id | l_id | t_id |           name           
----+----+------+------+--------------------------
  1 |  1 |    1 |    1 | Text in the language one  
  1 |  2 |    2 |    1 | Text in the language two

是否可以修改上面的查询以获得下面的结果?

/*Expected result*/
 id | name_lang_1              | name_lang_2
----+--------------------------+--------------------------
  1 | Text in the language one | Text in the language two

最佳答案 通常交叉表()将是最快的.您需要在数据库中安装附加模块
tablefunc.

SELECT * FROM crosstab(
   'SELECT t.id, l.name AS lang_name, i.name AS lang
    FROM   t
    JOIN   t_i18n i ON i.t_id = t.id
    JOIN   l  ON l.id = i.l_id'  -- could also just be "ORDER BY 1" here

   ,$$VALUES ('lang_1'::text), ('lang_2')$$)
AS l (id text, lang_1 text, lang_2 text);

如果您的案例实际上就像那样简单(几乎没有),使用CASE语句的查询会:

SELECT t.id
      , min(CASE WHEN i.l_id = 1 THEN i.name ELSE NULL END) AS lang_1
      , min(CASE WHEN i.l_id = 2 THEN i.name ELSE NULL END) AS lang_2
FROM               t
LEFT   JOIN t_i18n i ON i.t_id = t.id
LEFT   JOIN        l ON l.id = i.l_id
GROUP  BY 1
ORDER  BY 1;

此相关问题下两种解决方案的详细信息:
PostgreSQL Crosstab Query

由于每个SQL查询和每个函数都必须具有明确定义的返回类型,因此无法在单个查询中对动态数量的语言名称执行此操作.您可以编写一个函数来动态创建语句并在第二次调用中执行该语句.

还有一些多态类型的高级技术,我在这里写了一个全面的答案:
Dynamic alternative to pivot with CASE and GROUP BY

但是,上面简单的crosstab()查询适用于语言名称的超集.非存在语言的字段返回NULL.看看provided link.

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