文章摘要
1、Maven 第一个工程,HelloWorld创建详情
2、POM元素、archetype自动创建工程。
3、IDE工具导入、创建
1、POM
就像Make的Makefile、Ant的build.xml一样,Maven的核心是pom.xml。
POM(Project Object Model,项目对象模型)定义了项目的基本信息,用于描述项目如何构建,声明项目依赖。
2、POM元素
- modelVersion:指定当前POM模型版本
- groupId:定义项目属于哪个组。
- artifactId:当前Maven项目在组的唯一ID。
- version:指定当前项目的版本号。
- name:项目更加友好的外部名称。
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.hib.demo</groupId>
<artifactId>hello-world</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>Maven Hello World Project</name>
3、Maven HelloWorld项目
3.1、新建工程hello-world,新建pom.xml,填充内容如上POM元素介绍。
3.2、工程中,默认代码文件存放位置。
Maven会自动搜寻目录下的文件,并打包。位置如下:
- 主代码:src/main/java
- 测试代码:src/main/test
在主代码文件夹中,新建HelloWorld.java
package com.hib.demo;
public class HelloWorld {
public String sayHello(){
return "Hello Maven";
}
public static void main(String args[]){
System.out.println(new HelloWorld().sayHello());
}
}
3.3、使用mvn clean compile编译
- 3.3.1、clean:告诉编译器,清理输出文件夹target目录。
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ hello-world ---
- 3.3.2、resources:告诉编译器,编译项目资源。
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ hello-world ---
- 3.3.3、compile:告诉编译器,编译项目主代码,输出到target/classes目录。
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/ifei/workspace/webWork/HibDemo/hello-world/src/main/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ hello-world ---
3.4、编写测试代码
测试代码,需要用到Junit,我们需要在POM中增加依赖。
3.4.1、pom.xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.7</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
这个配置,会去访问如下链接下的资源:
http://repo1.maven.org/maven2/junit/junit/4.7/
3.4.2、执行代码编译、测试
编译测试代码,命令:
mvn clean test
代码执行过程:
[INFO] --- maven-clean-plugin:2.5:clean (default-clean) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Deleting /Users/ifei/workspace/webWork/HibDemo/hello-world/target
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ hello-world ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/ifei/workspace/webWork/HibDemo/hello-world/src/main/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:compile (default-compile) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/ifei/workspace/webWork/HibDemo/hello-world/target/classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ hello-world ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory /Users/ifei/workspace/webWork/HibDemo/hello-world/src/test/resources
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:3.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ hello-world ---
[INFO] Changes detected - recompiling the module!
[WARNING] File encoding has not been set, using platform encoding UTF-8, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Compiling 1 source file to /Users/ifei/workspace/webWork/HibDemo/hello-world/target/test-classes
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ hello-world ---
经过clean、resources、compile、testResources、testCompile,最后执行sureFire来执行运行测试。
3.4.3、附:HelloWorldTest.java
package com.hib.demotest.helloworld;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Test;
import com.hib.demo.HelloWorld;
public class HelloWorldTest {
@Test
public void testSayHello() {
HelloWorld helloWorld = new HelloWorld();
String result = helloWorld.sayHello();
// fail("Not yet implemented");
assertEquals("Hello Maven", result);
}
}
3.5、打包和运行
- 打包命令:
mvn clean package
备注:如果需要打包的jar能够直接运行,需要指定MainClass,则在pom.xml中的配置如下:
<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
<artifactId>maven-shade-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.0</version>
<executions>
<execution>
<goals>
<goal>shade</goal>
</goals>
<configuration>
<transformers>
<transformer implementation="org.apache.maven.plugins.shade.resource.ManifestResourceTransformer">
<manifestEntries>
<Main-Class>om.hib.demo.HelloWorld</Main-Class>
</manifestEntries>
</transformer>
</transformers>
</configuration>
</execution>
</executions>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>
- 安装命令:
mvn clean install
安装后,就被加入本地maven库了,即可以被其他工程引用、使用了。
4、使用Archetype创建工程
4.1、创建命令:
mvn archetype:generate
我们需要在向导指定groupId、artifactId等。
Define value for property 'groupId': com.maven.demo1
Define value for property 'artifactId': demo1
Define value for property 'version' 1.0-SNAPSHOT: :
Define value for property 'package' com.maven.demo1: :
Confirm properties configuration:
groupId: com.maven.demo1
artifactId: demo1
version: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
package: com.maven.demo1
Y: :
生成目录以及文件:
.
├── pom.xml
└── src
├── main
│ └── java
│ └── com
│ └── maven
│ └── demo1
│ └── App.java
└── test
└── java
└── com
└── maven
└── demo1
└── AppTest.java
11 directories, 3 files
附:工程创建过程:
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Using following parameters for creating project from Old (1.x) Archetype: maven-archetype-quickstart:1.1
[INFO] ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Parameter: basedir, Value: /Users/ifei/workspace/webWork/HibDemo/hello-world/mavenDemo
[INFO] Parameter: package, Value: com.maven.demo1
[INFO] Parameter: groupId, Value: com.maven.demo1
[INFO] Parameter: artifactId, Value: demo1
[INFO] Parameter: packageName, Value: com.maven.demo1
[INFO] Parameter: version, Value: 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] project created from Old (1.x) Archetype in dir: /Users/ifei/workspace/webWork/HibDemo/hello-world/mavenDemo/demo1
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 01:54 min
[INFO] Finished at: 2017-07-11T19:48:44+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 16M/206M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
5、IDE工程的导入和创建
和Java工程类似,我们可以使用IDE进行Maven的导入和创建。不在详述