前面分析了Android系统的广播机制,从本质来说,它是一种消息订阅/发布机制。因此,使用这种消息驱动模型的第一步便是订阅消息;而对Android应用程序来说,订阅消息其实就是注册广播接收器。
接下来,我们继续分析Android应用程序是如何注册广播接收器的,以及把广播接收器注册到哪里去的。
在Android的广播机制中,ActivityManagerService扮演着广播中心的角色,负责系统中所有广播的注册和分发操作。因此,Android应用程序注册广播接收器的过程就是把广播接收器注册到AMS的过程。Android应用程序是通过调用ContextWrapper类的registerReceiver方法来把广播接收器BroadcastReceiver注册到AMS中去的,而ContextWrapper类本身又借助ContextImpl类来注册广播接收器。
在Android应用程序框架中,Activity和Service类都继承了ContextWrapper类(ContextWrapper类是Context类的包装类,ContextImpl类是Context类的实现类,调用ContextWrapper类的方法也就会调用到ContextImpl类中的方法),因此,我们可以在Activity或Service的子类中调动registerReceiver方法来注册广播接收器。
下面我们进入主题:
静态广播直接在AndroidManifest.xml中注册一下即可。
动态广播的注册在代码中需要调用Context类的registerReceiver方法,最终调用到ContextImpl类中的registerReceiver方法中。
ContextImpl.registerReceiverInternal
我们看下方法调用:
@Override
public Intent registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter) {
return registerReceiver(receiver, filter, null, null);
}
@Override
public Intent registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter,
String broadcastPermission, Handler scheduler) {
return registerReceiverInternal(receiver, getUserId(),
filter, broadcastPermission, scheduler, getOuterContext());//broadcastPermission为null,scheduler为null
}
private Intent registerReceiverInternal(BroadcastReceiver receiver, int userId,
IntentFilter filter, String broadcastPermission,
Handler scheduler, Context context) {
IIntentReceiver rd = null;
if (receiver != null) {
if (mPackageInfo != null && context != null) {//mPackageInfo是LoadedApk对象,在创建ContextImpl对象的时候指定了LoadedApk对象
if (scheduler == null) {//没有设置Handler时,使用主线程的Handler
scheduler = mMainThread.getHandler();//这个handler用来分发AMS发送过来的广播用的
}
rd = mPackageInfo.getReceiverDispatcher(
receiver, context, scheduler,
mMainThread.getInstrumentation(), true);//获取IIntentReceiver对象,传递到AMS,用于接收广播(广播分发器)
} else {
if (scheduler == null) {
scheduler = mMainThread.getHandler();
}
rd = new LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher(
receiver, context, scheduler, null, true).getIIntentReceiver();
}
}
try {
final Intent intent = ActivityManagerNative.getDefault().registerReceiver(
mMainThread.getApplicationThread(), mBasePackageName,
rd, filter, broadcastPermission, userId);//这里调用到AMS中的registerReceiver方法
if (intent != null) {
intent.setExtrasClassLoader(getClassLoader());
intent.prepareToEnterProcess();
}
return intent;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
throw e.rethrowFromSystemServer();
}
}
通过两个函数的中转,最终调用到ContextImpl.registerReceiverInternal()。我们先看一下这几个参数,receiver表示用户注册广播接收器;userId注册广播应用程序的userID;filter为广播接收器的接收条件;broadcastPermission广播接收器的权限信息,广播发送者必须带上这个权限信息,它所发出的广播才能被注册者接收到;scheduler表示接收广播的线程的Handler。
方法中使用到了成员变量mPackageInfo是一个LoadedApk实例,它是用来负责处理广播的接收的,在后面一篇讲到广播的发送时(sendBroadcast),会详细描述。参数broadcastPermission和scheduler都为null,而参数context是上面的方法通过调用getOuterContext()得到的,这里它就是指向注册广播的Activity了,因为Activity是继承于Context类的,因此,这里用Context类型来引用。
由于条件mPackageInfo != null和context != null都成立,而且条件scheduler == null也成立,于是就调用mMainThread.getHandler来获得一个Handler了,这个Hanlder是后面用来分发ActivityManagerService发送过的广播用的。这里的成员变量mMainThread是一个ActivityThread实例。我们先来看看ActivityThread.getHandler函数的实现,然后再回过头来继续分析ContextImpl.registerReceiverInternal函数。
ActivityThread.getHandler()
public final class ActivityThread {
......
final H mH = new H();
private final class H extends Handler {
......
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
......
switch (msg.what) {
......
}
......
}
......
}
......
final Handler getHandler() {
return mH;
}
......
}
有了这个Handler之后,就可以分发消息给应用程序处理了。
再回到上一步的ContextImpl.registerReceiverInternal函数中,它通过mPackageInfo.getReceiverDispatcher函数获得一个IIntentReceiver接口对象rd,这是一个Binder对象,接下来会把它传给ActivityManagerService,ActivityManagerService在收到相应的广播时,就是通过这个Binder对象来通知MainActivity来接收的。
我们也是先来看一下mPackageInfo.getReceiverDispatcher函数的实现,然后再回过头来继续分析ContextImpl.registerReceiverInternal函数。
LoadedApk.getReceiverDispatcher
public IIntentReceiver getReceiverDispatcher(BroadcastReceiver r,
Context context, Handler handler,
Instrumentation instrumentation, boolean registered) {
synchronized (mReceivers) {
LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher rd = null;
ArrayMap<BroadcastReceiver, LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher> map = null;
if (registered) {//上面传递的参数为true
map = mReceivers.get(context);//根据key值获取对应的value,key为context对象
if (map != null) {
rd = map.get(r);//根据key值,获取对应的value;key为BroadcastReceiver,value为ReceiverDispatcher
}
}
if (rd == null) {
rd = new ReceiverDispatcher(r, context, handler,
instrumentation, registered);//创建LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher
if (registered) {
if (map == null) {
map = new ArrayMap<BroadcastReceiver, LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher>();
mReceivers.put(context, map);
}
map.put(r, rd);//将创建的LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher保存到map数组中
}
} else {
rd.validate(context, handler);
}
rd.mForgotten = false;
return rd.getIIntentReceiver();//获取IIntentReceiver.stub对象(InnerReceiver)
}
}
private final ArrayMap<Context, ArrayMap<BroadcastReceiver, ReceiverDispatcher>> mReceivers
= new ArrayMap<Context, ArrayMap<BroadcastReceiver, LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher>>();
在LoadedApk.getReceiverDispatcher函数中,首先看一下参数r是不是已经有相应的ReceiverDispatcher存在了,如果有,就直接返回了;否则就新建一个ReceiverDispatcher,并且以r为Key值保在一个HashMap中,而这个HashMap以Context(注册广播接收器的Activity)为Key值保存在LoadedApk的成员变量mReceivers中。这样,只要给定一个Activity和BroadcastReceiver,就可以查看LoadedApk里面是否已经存在相应的广播接收分发器ReceiverDispatcher了。
final class LoadedApk {
......
static final class ReceiverDispatcher {
final static class InnerReceiver extends IIntentReceiver.Stub {
final WeakReference<LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher> mDispatcher;
......
InnerReceiver(LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher rd, boolean strong) {
mDispatcher = new WeakReference<LoadedApk.ReceiverDispatcher>(rd);
......
}
......
}
......
final IIntentReceiver.Stub mIIntentReceiver;//接收AMS发送的广播
final Handler mActivityThread;//用于分发广播
......
ReceiverDispatcher(BroadcastReceiver receiver, Context context,
Handler activityThread, Instrumentation instrumentation,
boolean registered) {
......
mIIntentReceiver = new InnerReceiver(this, !registered);//创建InnerReceiver对象
mActivityThread = activityThread;
......
}
......
IIntentReceiver getIIntentReceiver() {//getIIntentReceiver方法获取IIntentReceiver.Stub对象
return mIIntentReceiver;
}
}
......
}
在新建广播接收分发器ReceiverDispatcher时,会在构造函数里面创建一个InnerReceiver实例,这是一个Binder对象,实现了IIntentReceiver接口,可以通过ReceiverDispatcher.getIIntentReceiver函数来获得,获得后就会把它传给ActivityManagerService,以便接收广播。在ReceiverDispatcher类的构造函数中,还会把传进来的Handle类型的参数activityThread保存下来,以便后面在分发广播的时候使用。 现在,再回到ContextImpl.registerReceiverInternal函数,在获得了IIntentReceiver类型的Binder对象后,就开始要把它注册到ActivityManagerService中去了。
ActivityManagerService.registerReceiver()
这个方法逻辑比较清楚,但是涉及到很多变量,我们先梳理一下这几个变量:
mStickyBroadcasts:保存了当前系统中所有用户的Sticky广播,key为广播的action,value为该action对应的所有广播Intents;
/**
* State of all active sticky broadcasts per user. Keys are the action of the每个用户的所有sticky广播
* sticky Intent, values are an ArrayList of all broadcasted intents with内层key值是sticky广播的action,value是action对应的所有Intents
* that action (which should usually be one). The SparseArray is keyed
* by the user ID the sticky is for, and can include UserHandle.USER_ALL
* for stickies that are sent to all users.最外层的key值是userID(包括UserHandle.USER_ALL)
*/
final SparseArray<ArrayMap<String, ArrayList<Intent>>> mStickyBroadcasts =
new SparseArray<ArrayMap<String, ArrayList<Intent>>>();
mRegisteredReceivers:保存了已经注册的所有广播;
mReceiverResolver:保存当前系统注册的所有的BroadcastFilter;
/**
* Resolver for broadcast intents to registered receivers.已注册广播的Intents解析器
* Holds BroadcastFilter (subclass of IntentFilter).保存BroadcastFilter
*/
final IntentResolver<BroadcastFilter, BroadcastFilter> mReceiverResolver
= new IntentResolver<BroadcastFilter, BroadcastFilter>()
BroadcastRecord:需要发送的一条广播记录,里面的receivers成员存储了需要接收当前广播的所有接收器。
下面我们分块来分析registerReceiver方法。
过滤出与当前注册的IntentFilter中的action匹配的所有的Intent
第一步就是先找出与注册action相匹配的所有的Intent。
public Intent registerReceiver(IApplicationThread caller, String callerPackage,
IIntentReceiver receiver, IntentFilter filter, String permission, int userId) {
enforceNotIsolatedCaller("registerReceiver");
ArrayList<Intent> stickyIntents = null;
ProcessRecord callerApp = null;
int callingUid;
int callingPid;
synchronized(this) {
if (caller != null) {
callerApp = getRecordForAppLocked(caller);//获取ProcessRecord对象
......
callingUid = callerApp.info.uid;
callingPid = callerApp.pid;
} else {
callerPackage = null;
callingUid = Binder.getCallingUid();
callingPid = Binder.getCallingPid();
}
userId = mUserController.handleIncomingUser(callingPid, callingUid, userId, true,
ALLOW_FULL_ONLY, "registerReceiver", callerPackage);//获取用户ID
Iterator<String> actions = filter.actionsIterator();//获取当前IntentFilter中所有的actions
if (actions == null) {
ArrayList<String> noAction = new ArrayList<String>(1);
noAction.add(null);
actions = noAction.iterator();
}
// Collect stickies of users收集与注册用户(userId)相关的所有已经被广播过的Intents,存储在stickyIntents中
int[] userIds = { UserHandle.USER_ALL, UserHandle.getUserId(callingUid) };//包括所有用户,以及注册进程所对应的用户
while (actions.hasNext()) {//第一层:遍历actions
String action = actions.next();
for (int id : userIds) {//第二层:遍历与调用进程相关的用户id
ArrayMap<String, ArrayList<Intent>> stickies = mStickyBroadcasts.get(id);//用户id发送过的所有的sticky广播
if (stickies != null) {
ArrayList<Intent> intents = stickies.get(action);//获取action对应的所有广播Intents
if (intents != null) {//如果已经发送的Intents里面包含上面的action,则保存在stickyIntents中
if (stickyIntents == null) {
stickyIntents = new ArrayList<Intent>();
}
stickyIntents.addAll(intents);
}
}
}
}
}
从mStickyBroadcasts里面找出发送给所有用户和调用者userID的所有的Sticky广播的Intents,然后和当前注册的IntentFilter中所有的action逐个比较,找出符合的所有的intent,存储在stickyIntents里面。注意,这里仅仅通过action进行了一次筛选。
从stickyIntents里面找出与当前注册的IntentFilter匹配的Intent
上面第一步找出了与注册的action相匹配的Intent,然后在这些Intent中再进行精确匹配,找出精确匹配的Intent。
上面根据action对相应用户的stickyIntents进行了一次过滤,下面根据IntentFilter.match方法对筛选出来的stickyIntents进行精确的匹配,包括action、type、scheme、data、categories等,将最终的匹配结果存放在allSticky里面。如果调用registerReceiver方法传递的receiver是null,就返回allSticky中的第一个匹配的Intent,或者返回null。
ArrayList<Intent> allSticky = null;
if (stickyIntents != null) {
final ContentResolver resolver = mContext.getContentResolver();
// Look for any matching sticky broadcasts...
for (int i = 0, N = stickyIntents.size(); i < N; i++) {//再把stickyIntents里面的intent逐个比较
Intent intent = stickyIntents.get(i);
// If intent has scheme "content", it will need to acccess
// provider that needs to lock mProviderMap in ActivityThread
// and also it may need to wait application response, so we
// cannot lock ActivityManagerService here.
if (filter.match(resolver, intent, true, TAG) >= 0) {//match方法中会对action、type、scheme、data等进行比较
if (allSticky == null) {
allSticky = new ArrayList<Intent>();
}
allSticky.add(intent);
}
}
}
// The first sticky in the list is returned directly back to the client.查找的是stickyIntent,
Intent sticky = allSticky != null ? allSticky.get(0) : null;//如果存在满足action条件的已经广播的intent,立即发送一次广播
if (DEBUG_BROADCAST) Slog.v(TAG_BROADCAST, "Register receiver " + filter + ": " + sticky);
if (receiver == null) {
return sticky;
}
上面的两部分主要从sticky广播的历史记录中筛选出与当前注册的IntentFilter匹配的历史Intent,将最终的结果保存在allSticky中。如果注册的广播是非sticky广播,一般来说allSticky为null,但是对于网络切换这种发送的时候是以sticky广播形式发送的,这里allSticky就不是null。
在注册记录中查找当前的receiver
synchronized (this) {
if (callerApp != null && (callerApp.thread == null
|| callerApp.thread.asBinder() != caller.asBinder())) {
// Original caller already died
return null;
}
ReceiverList rl = mRegisteredReceivers.get(receiver.asBinder());//以receiver为key值,获取对应的IntentFilter列表,初始为null
if (rl == null) {
rl = new ReceiverList(this, callerApp, callingPid, callingUid,
userId, receiver);//创建ReceiverList对象
if (rl.app != null) {//ProcessRecord
rl.app.receivers.add(rl);
} else {
try {
receiver.asBinder().linkToDeath(rl, 0);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
return sticky;
}
rl.linkedToDeath = true;
}
mRegisteredReceivers.put(receiver.asBinder(), rl);//保存receiver对应的ReceiverList
} else if (rl.uid != callingUid) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Receiver requested to register for uid " + callingUid
+ " was previously registered for uid " + rl.uid);
} else if (rl.pid != callingPid) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Receiver requested to register for pid " + callingPid
+ " was previously registered for pid " + rl.pid);
} else if (rl.userId != userId) {
throw new IllegalArgumentException(
"Receiver requested to register for user " + userId
+ " was previously registered for user " + rl.userId);
}
首先判断当前进程是否还活着;然后从当前系统所有已经动态注册的mRegisteredReceivers中查找当前注册的receiver,返回对应的ReceiverList,该类继承了ArrayList<BroadcastFilter>,语义就是一个receiver可以对应着一串BroadcastFilter,所以说对于同一个receiver对象而言,可以多次调用registerReceiver方法注册不同的广播条件BroadcastFilter,这里面是注册动作中最关键的地方,将receiver以及对应的ReceiverList存储到AMS.mRegisteredReceivers中。
将当前注册的广播过滤器放到ReceiverList里面
BroadcastFilter bf = new BroadcastFilter(filter, rl, callerPackage,
permission, callingUid, userId);//根据filter创建BroadcastFilter(IntentFilter)广播过滤器
rl.add(bf);//将BroadcastFilter加入ReceiverList中
if (!bf.debugCheck()) {
Slog.w(TAG, "==> For Dynamic broadcast");
}
mReceiverResolver.addFilter(bf);//将bf添加到mReceiverResolver中,当AMS接收到广播时就可以从mReceiverResolver中找到接收者
根据当前的IntentFilter创建BroadcastFilter对象,BroadcastFilter继承于IntentFilter,基本上和IntentFilter没有太大的区别,里面还包含对ReceiverList的引用。
创建完BroadcastFilter后,将其加到mReceiverResolver中,内部用的是一个ArraySet,说明重复添加完全相同的BroadcastFilter对象不会多次添加。到这里没有匹配的sticky广播已经注册结束了。
我们这里再看一下mReceiverResolver这个变量,mReceiverResolver变量用来存储系统应用进程中所有receiver动态注册的所有的BroadcastFilter,也就是说动态注册的BroadcastReceiver最终保存到了这里。
发送匹配过滤器的sticky广播
// Enqueue broadcasts for all existing stickies that match
// this filter.如果存在满足条件的sticky intents,需要立即发送这些广播
if (allSticky != null) {
ArrayList receivers = new ArrayList();
receivers.add(bf);
final int stickyCount = allSticky.size();
for (int i = 0; i < stickyCount; i++) {//遍历allSticky,逐个发送Intent
Intent intent = allSticky.get(i);
BroadcastQueue queue = broadcastQueueForIntent(intent);//获取BroadcastQueue
BroadcastRecord r = new BroadcastRecord(queue, intent, null,
null, -1, -1, null, null, AppOpsManager.OP_NONE, null, receivers,
null, 0, null, null, false, true, true, -1);//创建BroadcastRecord
queue.enqueueParallelBroadcastLocked(r);//将BroadcastRecord对象条件到BroadcastQueue.mParallerlBraodcasts数组中
queue.scheduleBroadcastsLocked();//尝试推动一次发送广播的行为,但是如果目前有广播还在发送的处理过程中,本次尝试失败
}
}
return sticky;
上面注册结束以后,如果筛选出与当前注册的IntentFilter匹配的sticky广播的Intent,就将所有匹配的Intent逐条发送广播给当前的注册者receiver,可以看到这里的接收者receivers里面就只有当前创建的一个BroadcastFilter,也就是当前的注册者。
上面就是动态广播注册的整个过程,主要就是将当前注册的动态广播接收器以及对应的广播过滤器BroadcastFilter添加到AMS.mRegisteredReceivers和AMS.mReceiverResolver中,同时处理了与sticky广播的相关逻辑。从这里可以看到对于注册sticky广播而言,在注册结束以后,系统会立马发送与之匹配的sticky广播。
下面继续分析广播发送流程:Android广播管理三–广播发送(sendBroadcast)流程分析