1、使用代理
>>> import urllib.request
>>> proxies = {‘http’: ‘
http://proxy.example.com:8080/‘}
>>> opener = urllib.request.FancyURLopener(proxies)
>>> opener.addhead(“Accept”, “sound/basic”)
>>> f = opener.open(“
http://www.python.org“)
>>> f.read().decode(‘utf-8’)
2、GET请求
import urllib.request
f = urllib.request.urlopen(‘
http://www.pcb.org/pcb?a=b&c=d‘)
dir(f)
import urllib.request
req = urllib.request.Request(‘
http://www.example.com/‘)
req.add_header(‘Referer’, ‘
http://www.python.org/‘)
r = urllib.request.urlopen(req)
对于GET请求，已经完备了
3、POST请求
import http.client, urllib.parse
params = urllib.parse.urlencode({‘spam’: 1, ‘eggs’: 2, ‘bacon’: 0})
headers = {“Content-type”: “application/x-www-form-urlencoded”,
“Accept”: “text/plain”}
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(“musi-cal.mojam.com:80”)
conn.request(“POST”, “/cgi-bin/query”, params, headers)
response = conn.getresponse()
请求包是这样：
POST /cgi-bin/query HTTP/1.1
Host: musi-cal.mojam.com
Accept-Encoding: identity
Content-Length: 21
Content-type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded
Accept: text/plain
eggs=2&bacon=0&spam=1
自由添加body：
headers = {“Content-type”: “application/x-www-form-urlencoded”,
“Accept”: “text/plain”}
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(“musi-cal.mojam.com:80”)
conn.request(“POST”, “/cgi-bin/query”, “a=c&c=d\np=f”, headers)
另一种格式：
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(“aos.isd.com”)
header = {“Content-Type”:”multipart/form-data; boundary=123456789″}
content = “””–123456789
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=value1
versionList
–123456789
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=value2
7792 –123456789–
“””
conn.request(“POST”, “/cc2/cc/ccInterface.api.php”, content, header)
==========================================================
multipart/form-data方式 ( RFC1867 ) HTTP协议大致如下,红色是额外加上的：
POST /msb/WebForm1.aspx HTTP/1.1
Connection: Keep-Alive
Content-Length: 458
Content-Type: multipart/form-data; boundary=—————————–7d6bb34502ce[上传方式，边界]
Accept: */*
Expect: 100-continue
Host: localhost
Referer: http://mtv.1ting.com/
User-Agent: Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.2; SV1; .NET CLR 1.1.4322; .NET CLR 2.0.50727)
——————————-7d6bb34502ce[边界这里开头多了2个中划线]
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”key1[表单域名]“
ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff[表单域值]
——————————-7d6bb34502ce[边界这里开头多了2个中划线]
Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”file[文件类型表单域名]“; filename=”d:\1.rar[文件名]“
Content-Type: application/x-msdownload[文件类型]
[文件内容]
——————————-7d6bb34502ce–[最后一个边界，开头和结尾都多了2个中划线
———————————————————
import http.client, urllib.parse
def buidcontent(boundary):
jsonObject = ”'{
“appkey” : “y6Vrn2xQvq”,
“sealType” : 1,
“docName” : “test.pdf”,
“rules” : [
{
“type” : 1,
“signetId” : “87b1ec0f-38f6-47ea-8e47-7f001b4ed657”,
“offset” : [1668, 2828],
“page” : 0
}
]
}”’
content = ‘–‘ + boundary
content += “\r\n”
content += ‘Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”json”‘
content += “\r\n”
content += ‘Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8’
content += “\r\n\r\n”
content += jsonObject
content += “\r\n\r\n”
content += ‘–‘ + boundary
content += “\r\n”
content += ‘Content-Disposition: form-data; name=”file”;filename=”%s”‘ % “test.pdf”
content += “\r\n”
content += ‘Content-Type: application/octet-stream’
content += “\r\n”
content += ‘Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary’
content += “\r\n\r\n”
content = content.encode(“utf-8”)
fd = open(“dzqz.pdf”, ‘rb’)
content += fd.read()
fd.close()
content += b”\r\n\r\n”
end = ‘–‘ + boundary + “–\r\n”
end = end.encode(“utf-8”)
content += end
return content
def testDzqz():
conn = http.client.HTTPConnection(“10.123.25.22:8080”)
boundary = “dzqz”
header = {“Content-Type” : “multipart/form-data; boundary=%s” % boundary}
content = buidcontent(boundary)
conn.request(“POST”, “/smp/gateway/signature”, content, header)
response = conn.getresponse()
print(response.code)
print(response.headers)
print(response.read().decode(‘utf8’))
if __name__ == “__main__”:
testDzqz()
