The following are code examples for showing how to use . They are extracted from open source Python projects. You can vote up the examples you like or vote down the exmaples you don’t like. You can also save this page to your account.
Example 1
def equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 == x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
not_equal, greater_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '==', True) Example 2
def not_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 != x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.not_equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, greater_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '!=', True) Example 3
def greater_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 >= x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.greater_equal`, this comparison is performed by
first stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string.
This behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with
numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '>=', True) Example 4
def less_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 <= x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.less_equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, greater_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '<=', True) Example 5
def greater(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 > x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.greater`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, greater_equal, less_equal, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '>', True) Example 6
def test_identity_equality_mismatch(self):
a = np.array([np.nan], dtype=object)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings('always', '', FutureWarning)
assert_warns(FutureWarning, np.equal, a, a)
assert_warns(FutureWarning, np.not_equal, a, a)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings('error', '', FutureWarning)
assert_raises(FutureWarning, np.equal, a, a)
assert_raises(FutureWarning, np.not_equal, a, a)
# And the other do not warn:
with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
np.less(a, a)
np.greater(a, a)
np.less_equal(a, a)
np.greater_equal(a, a) Example 7
def approx(a, b, fill_value=True, rtol=1e-5, atol=1e-8):
"""
Returns true if all components of a and b are equal to given tolerances.
If fill_value is True, masked values considered equal. Otherwise,
masked values are considered unequal. The relative error rtol should
be positive and << 1.0 The absolute error atol comes into play for
those elements of b that are very small or zero; it says how small a
must be also.
"""
m = mask_or(getmask(a), getmask(b))
d1 = filled(a)
d2 = filled(b)
if d1.dtype.char == "O" or d2.dtype.char == "O":
return np.equal(d1, d2).ravel()
x = filled(masked_array(d1, copy=False, mask=m), fill_value).astype(float_)
y = filled(masked_array(d2, copy=False, mask=m), 1).astype(float_)
d = np.less_equal(umath.absolute(x - y), atol + rtol * umath.absolute(y))
return d.ravel() Example 8
def points_in_front(self, points, inverted=False, ret_indices=False):
'''
Given an array of points, return the points which lie either on the
plane or in the half-space in front of it (i.e. in the direction of
the plane normal).
points: An array of points.
inverted: When `True`, invert the logic. Return the points that lie
behind the plane instead.
ret_indices: When `True`, return the indices instead of the points
themselves.
'''
sign = self.sign(points)
if inverted:
mask = np.less_equal(sign, 0)
else:
mask = np.greater_equal(sign, 0)
indices = np.flatnonzero(mask)
return indices if ret_indices else points[indices] Example 9
def equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 == x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
not_equal, greater_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '==', True) Example 10
def not_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 != x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.not_equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, greater_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '!=', True) Example 11
def greater_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 >= x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.greater_equal`, this comparison is performed by
first stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string.
This behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with
numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '>=', True) Example 12
def less_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 <= x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.less_equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, greater_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '<=', True) Example 13
def greater(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 > x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.greater`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, greater_equal, less_equal, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '>', True) Example 14
def test_identity_equality_mismatch(self):
a = np.array([np.nan], dtype=object)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings('always', '', FutureWarning)
assert_warns(FutureWarning, np.equal, a, a)
assert_warns(FutureWarning, np.not_equal, a, a)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings('error', '', FutureWarning)
assert_raises(FutureWarning, np.equal, a, a)
assert_raises(FutureWarning, np.not_equal, a, a)
# And the other do not warn:
with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
np.less(a, a)
np.greater(a, a)
np.less_equal(a, a)
np.greater_equal(a, a) Example 15
def approx(a, b, fill_value=True, rtol=1e-5, atol=1e-8):
"""
Returns true if all components of a and b are equal to given tolerances.
If fill_value is True, masked values considered equal. Otherwise,
masked values are considered unequal. The relative error rtol should
be positive and << 1.0 The absolute error atol comes into play for
those elements of b that are very small or zero; it says how small a
must be also.
"""
m = mask_or(getmask(a), getmask(b))
d1 = filled(a)
d2 = filled(b)
if d1.dtype.char == "O" or d2.dtype.char == "O":
return np.equal(d1, d2).ravel()
x = filled(masked_array(d1, copy=False, mask=m), fill_value).astype(float_)
y = filled(masked_array(d2, copy=False, mask=m), 1).astype(float_)
d = np.less_equal(umath.absolute(x - y), atol + rtol * umath.absolute(y))
return d.ravel() Example 16
def has_approx_support(m, m_hat, prob=0.01):
"""Returns 1 if model selection error is less than or equal to prob rate,
0 else.
NOTE: why does np.nonzero/np.flatnonzero create so much problems?
"""
m_nz = np.flatnonzero(np.triu(m, 1))
m_hat_nz = np.flatnonzero(np.triu(m_hat, 1))
upper_diagonal_mask = np.flatnonzero(np.triu(np.ones(m.shape), 1))
not_m_nz = np.setdiff1d(upper_diagonal_mask, m_nz)
intersection = np.in1d(m_hat_nz, m_nz) # true positives
not_intersection = np.in1d(m_hat_nz, not_m_nz) # false positives
true_positive_rate = 0.0
if len(m_nz):
true_positive_rate = 1. * np.sum(intersection) / len(m_nz)
true_negative_rate = 1. - true_positive_rate
false_positive_rate = 0.0
if len(not_m_nz):
false_positive_rate = 1. * np.sum(not_intersection) / len(not_m_nz)
return int(np.less_equal(true_negative_rate + false_positive_rate, prob)) Example 17
def equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 == x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
not_equal, greater_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '==', True) Example 18
def not_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 != x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.not_equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, greater_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '!=', True) Example 19
def greater_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 >= x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.greater_equal`, this comparison is performed by
first stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string.
This behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with
numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '>=', True) Example 20
def less_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 <= x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.less_equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, greater_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '<=', True) Example 21
def greater(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 > x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.greater`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, greater_equal, less_equal, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '>', True) Example 22
def test_NotImplemented_not_returned(self):
# See gh-5964 and gh-2091. Some of these functions are not operator
# related and were fixed for other reasons in the past.
binary_funcs = [
np.power, np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply, np.divide,
np.true_divide, np.floor_divide, np.bitwise_and, np.bitwise_or,
np.bitwise_xor, np.left_shift, np.right_shift, np.fmax,
np.fmin, np.fmod, np.hypot, np.logaddexp, np.logaddexp2,
np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor, np.maximum,
np.minimum, np.mod
]
# These functions still return NotImplemented. Will be fixed in
# future.
# bad = [np.greater, np.greater_equal, np.less, np.less_equal, np.not_equal]
a = np.array('1')
b = 1
for f in binary_funcs:
assert_raises(TypeError, f, a, b) Example 23
def test_identity_equality_mismatch(self):
a = np.array([np.nan], dtype=object)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings('always', '', FutureWarning)
assert_warns(FutureWarning, np.equal, a, a)
assert_warns(FutureWarning, np.not_equal, a, a)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings('error', '', FutureWarning)
assert_raises(FutureWarning, np.equal, a, a)
assert_raises(FutureWarning, np.not_equal, a, a)
# And the other do not warn:
with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
np.less(a, a)
np.greater(a, a)
np.less_equal(a, a)
np.greater_equal(a, a) Example 24
def equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 == x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
not_equal, greater_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '==', True) Example 25
def greater_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 >= x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.greater_equal`, this comparison is performed by
first stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string.
This behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with
numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '>=', True) Example 26
def less_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 <= x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.less_equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, greater_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '<=', True) Example 27
def greater(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 > x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.greater`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, greater_equal, less_equal, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '>', True) Example 28
def test_NotImplemented_not_returned(self):
# See gh-5964 and gh-2091. Some of these functions are not operator
# related and were fixed for other reasons in the past.
binary_funcs = [
np.power, np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply, np.divide,
np.true_divide, np.floor_divide, np.bitwise_and, np.bitwise_or,
np.bitwise_xor, np.left_shift, np.right_shift, np.fmax,
np.fmin, np.fmod, np.hypot, np.logaddexp, np.logaddexp2,
np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor, np.maximum,
np.minimum, np.mod
]
# These functions still return NotImplemented. Will be fixed in
# future.
# bad = [np.greater, np.greater_equal, np.less, np.less_equal, np.not_equal]
a = np.array('1')
b = 1
for f in binary_funcs:
assert_raises(TypeError, f, a, b) Example 29
def test_identity_equality_mismatch(self):
a = np.array([np.nan], dtype=object)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings('always', '', FutureWarning)
assert_warns(FutureWarning, np.equal, a, a)
assert_warns(FutureWarning, np.not_equal, a, a)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings('error', '', FutureWarning)
assert_raises(FutureWarning, np.equal, a, a)
assert_raises(FutureWarning, np.not_equal, a, a)
# And the other do not warn:
with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
np.less(a, a)
np.greater(a, a)
np.less_equal(a, a)
np.greater_equal(a, a) Example 30
def equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 == x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
not_equal, greater_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '==', True) Example 31
def not_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 != x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.not_equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, greater_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '!=', True) Example 32
def greater_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 >= x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.greater_equal`, this comparison is performed by
first stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string.
This behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with
numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '>=', True) Example 33
def less_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 <= x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.less_equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, greater_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '<=', True) Example 34
def greater(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 > x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.greater`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, greater_equal, less_equal, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '>', True) Example 35
def test_NotImplemented_not_returned(self):
# See gh-5964 and gh-2091. Some of these functions are not operator
# related and were fixed for other reasons in the past.
binary_funcs = [
np.power, np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply, np.divide,
np.true_divide, np.floor_divide, np.bitwise_and, np.bitwise_or,
np.bitwise_xor, np.left_shift, np.right_shift, np.fmax,
np.fmin, np.fmod, np.hypot, np.logaddexp, np.logaddexp2,
np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor, np.maximum,
np.minimum, np.mod
]
# These functions still return NotImplemented. Will be fixed in
# future.
# bad = [np.greater, np.greater_equal, np.less, np.less_equal, np.not_equal]
a = np.array('1')
b = 1
for f in binary_funcs:
assert_raises(TypeError, f, a, b) Example 36
def test_identity_equality_mismatch(self):
a = np.array([np.nan], dtype=object)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings('always', '', FutureWarning)
assert_warns(FutureWarning, np.equal, a, a)
assert_warns(FutureWarning, np.not_equal, a, a)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings('error', '', FutureWarning)
assert_raises(FutureWarning, np.equal, a, a)
assert_raises(FutureWarning, np.not_equal, a, a)
# And the other do not warn:
with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
np.less(a, a)
np.greater(a, a)
np.less_equal(a, a)
np.greater_equal(a, a) Example 37
def approx(a, b, fill_value=True, rtol=1e-5, atol=1e-8):
"""
Returns true if all components of a and b are equal to given tolerances.
If fill_value is True, masked values considered equal. Otherwise,
masked values are considered unequal. The relative error rtol should
be positive and << 1.0 The absolute error atol comes into play for
those elements of b that are very small or zero; it says how small a
must be also.
"""
m = mask_or(getmask(a), getmask(b))
d1 = filled(a)
d2 = filled(b)
if d1.dtype.char == "O" or d2.dtype.char == "O":
return np.equal(d1, d2).ravel()
x = filled(masked_array(d1, copy=False, mask=m), fill_value).astype(float_)
y = filled(masked_array(d2, copy=False, mask=m), 1).astype(float_)
d = np.less_equal(umath.absolute(x - y), atol + rtol * umath.absolute(y))
return d.ravel() Example 38
def equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 == x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
not_equal, greater_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '==', True) Example 39
def not_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 != x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.not_equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, greater_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '!=', True) Example 40
def greater_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 >= x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.greater_equal`, this comparison is performed by
first stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string.
This behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with
numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '>=', True) Example 41
def less_equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 <= x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.less_equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, greater_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '<=', True) Example 42
def greater(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 > x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.greater`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
equal, not_equal, greater_equal, less_equal, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '>', True) Example 43
def test_NotImplemented_not_returned(self):
# See gh-5964 and gh-2091. Some of these functions are not operator
# related and were fixed for other reasons in the past.
binary_funcs = [
np.power, np.add, np.subtract, np.multiply, np.divide,
np.true_divide, np.floor_divide, np.bitwise_and, np.bitwise_or,
np.bitwise_xor, np.left_shift, np.right_shift, np.fmax,
np.fmin, np.fmod, np.hypot, np.logaddexp, np.logaddexp2,
np.logical_and, np.logical_or, np.logical_xor, np.maximum,
np.minimum, np.mod
]
# These functions still return NotImplemented. Will be fixed in
# future.
# bad = [np.greater, np.greater_equal, np.less, np.less_equal, np.not_equal]
a = np.array('1')
b = 1
for f in binary_funcs:
assert_raises(TypeError, f, a, b) Example 44
def test_identity_equality_mismatch(self):
a = np.array([np.nan], dtype=object)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings('always', '', FutureWarning)
assert_warns(FutureWarning, np.equal, a, a)
assert_warns(FutureWarning, np.not_equal, a, a)
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.filterwarnings('error', '', FutureWarning)
assert_raises(FutureWarning, np.equal, a, a)
assert_raises(FutureWarning, np.not_equal, a, a)
# And the other do not warn:
with np.errstate(invalid='ignore'):
np.less(a, a)
np.greater(a, a)
np.less_equal(a, a)
np.greater_equal(a, a) Example 45
def approx(a, b, fill_value=True, rtol=1e-5, atol=1e-8):
"""
Returns true if all components of a and b are equal to given tolerances.
If fill_value is True, masked values considered equal. Otherwise,
masked values are considered unequal. The relative error rtol should
be positive and << 1.0 The absolute error atol comes into play for
those elements of b that are very small or zero; it says how small a
must be also.
"""
m = mask_or(getmask(a), getmask(b))
d1 = filled(a)
d2 = filled(b)
if d1.dtype.char == "O" or d2.dtype.char == "O":
return np.equal(d1, d2).ravel()
x = filled(masked_array(d1, copy=False, mask=m), fill_value).astype(float_)
y = filled(masked_array(d2, copy=False, mask=m), 1).astype(float_)
d = np.less_equal(umath.absolute(x - y), atol + rtol * umath.absolute(y))
return d.ravel() Example 46
def atmax(a,upperlimit,dimension=None,inclusive=1):
"""
Returns the maximum value of a, along dimension, including only values greater
than (or equal to, if inclusive=1) upperlimit. If the limit is set to None,
a limit larger than the max value in the array is used.
Usage: atmax(a,upperlimit,dimension=None,inclusive=1)
"""
if inclusive: upperfcn = N.less
else: upperfcn = N.less_equal
if dimension == None:
a = N.ravel(a)
dimension = 0
if upperlimit == None:
upperlimit = N.maximum.reduce(N.ravel(a))+1
smallest = N.minimum.reduce(N.ravel(a))
ta = N.where(upperfcn(a,upperlimit),a,smallest)
return N.maximum.reduce(ta,dimension) Example 47
def density_slice(rast, rel=np.less_equal, threshold=1000, nodata=-9999):
'''
Returns a density slice from a given raster. Arguments:
rast A gdal.Dataset or a NumPy array
rel A NumPy logic function; defaults to np.less_equal
threshold An integer number
'''
# Can accept either a gdal.Dataset or numpy.array instance
if not isinstance(rast, np.ndarray):
rastr = rast.ReadAsArray()
else:
rastr = rast.copy()
if (len(rastr.shape) > 2 and min(rastr.shape) > 1):
raise ValueError('Expected a single-band raster array')
return np.logical_and(
rel(rastr, np.ones(rast.shape) * threshold),
np.not_equal(rastr, np.ones(rast.shape) * nodata)).astype(np.int0) Example 48
def parse(cls, func):
if isinstance(func, six.string_types):
func = func.lower().strip()
if func in [np.equal, '=', 'eq', '-eq', '==', 'is', 'equal', 'equal to']:
return cls.eq
elif func in [np.not_equal, '<>', 'ne', '-ne', '!=', 'not', 'not_equal', 'not equal to']:
return cls.ne
elif func in [np.greater, '>', 'gt', '-gt', 'above', 'after', 'greater', 'greater than']:
return cls.gt
elif func in [np.less, '<', 'lt', '-lt', 'below', 'before', 'less', 'less than']:
return cls.lt
elif func in [np.greater_equal, '>=', 'ge', '-ge', 'greater_equal', 'greater than or equal to']:
return cls.ge
elif func in [np.less_equal, '<=', 'le', '-le', 'less_equal', 'less than or equal to']:
return cls.le
raise ValueError('Invalid Comparison name: %s'%func)
#
### Control Condition classes
# Example 49
def population_impacted(pop, arg1, operation=None, arg2=None):
"""
Compute population impacted using using comparison operators.
For example, find the population impacted when demand < 90% expected.
Parameters
-----------
pop : pd.Series (index = node names)
A pandas Series that contains population per node
arg1 : pd.DataFrame (columns = node names) or pd.Series (index = node names)
Argument 1
operation : numpy.ufunc
Numpy universal comparison function, options = np.greater,
np.greater_equal, np.less, np.less_equal, np.equal, np.not_equal
arg2 : same size and type as arg1, or a scalar
Argument 2
"""
mask = query(arg1, operation, arg2)
pop_impacted = mask.multiply(pop)
return pop_impacted Example 50
def equal(x1, x2):
"""
Return (x1 == x2) element-wise.
Unlike `numpy.equal`, this comparison is performed by first
stripping whitespace characters from the end of the string. This
behavior is provided for backward-compatibility with numarray.
Parameters
----------
x1, x2 : array_like of str or unicode
Input arrays of the same shape.
Returns
-------
out : ndarray or bool
Output array of bools, or a single bool if x1 and x2 are scalars.
See Also
--------
not_equal, greater_equal, less_equal, greater, less
"""
return compare_chararrays(x1, x2, '==', True) 