这两天在复习JAVA的知识点,想更深层次的了解一下JAVA,所以就看了看JAVA的源码,把自己的分析写在这里,也当做是笔记吧,方便记忆。写的不对的地方也请大家多多指教。
JDK1.6中HashMap采用的是位桶+链表的方式,即我们常说的散列链表的方式,而JDK1.8中采用的是位桶+链表/红黑树的方式,也是非线程安全的。当某个位桶的链表的长度达到某个阀值的时候,这个链表就将转换成红黑树。
基本的数据结构:
1 //链表节点 2 static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> { 3 final int hash; 4 final K key; 5 V value; 6 Node<K,V> next; 7 //省略 8 } 9 //红黑树节点 10 static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> { 11 TreeNode<K,V> parent; // red-black tree links 12 TreeNode<K,V> left; 13 TreeNode<K,V> right; 14 TreeNode<K,V> prev; // needed to unlink next upon deletion 15 boolean red; 16 TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) { 17 super(hash, key, val, next); 18 } 19 //省略 20 } 21 // HashMap的主要属性 22 public class HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V> 23 implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable { 24 // 槽数组,Node<K,V>类型,TreeNode extends LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V>,所以可以存放TreeNode来实现Tree bins 25 transient Node<K,V>[] table; 26 27 transient Set<Map.Entry<K,V>> entrySet; 28 29 transient int size; 30 // 去掉了volatile的修饰符 31 transient int modCount; 32 33 int threshold; 34 35 final float loadFactor; 36 37 ... 38 39 }
//计算key的hash
static final int hash(Object key) { int h; return (key == null) ? 0 : (h = key.hashCode()) ^ (h >>> 16); }
get(key) 函数
1 public V get(Object key) { 2 Node<K,V> e; 3 return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value; 4 } 5 final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) { 6 Node<K,V>[] tab; 7 Node<K,V> first, e; 8 int n; K k; 9 //hash & length-1 定位数组下标 10 if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 && 11 (first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) 12 { 13 if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node 14 ((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) 15 return first; 16 if ((e = first.next) != null) { 17 /*第一个节点是TreeNode,则采用位桶+红黑树结构, 18 * 调用TreeNode.getTreeNode(hash,key), 19 *遍历红黑树,得到节点的value 20 */ 21 if (first instanceof TreeNode) 22 return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key); 23 do { 24 if (e.hash == hash && 25 ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) 26 return e; 27 } while ((e = e.next) != null); 28 } 29 } 30 return null; 31 } 32 final TreeNode<K,V> getTreeNode(int h, Object k) { 33 //找到红黑树的根节点并遍历红黑树 34 return ((parent != null) ? root() : this).find(h, k, null); 35 } 36 /* 37 *通过hash值的比较,递归的去遍历红黑树,这里要提的是compareableClassFor(Class k)这个函数的作用,在某些时候 38 *如果红黑树节点的元素are of the same "class C implements Comparable<C>" type 39 *利用他们的compareTo()方法来比较大小,这里需要通过反射机制来check他们到底是不是属于同一个类,是不是具有可比较性. 40 */ 41 final TreeNode<K,V> find(int h, Object k, Class<?> kc) { 42 TreeNode<K,V> p = this; 43 do { 44 int ph, dir; K pk; 45 TreeNode<K,V> pl = p.left, pr = p.right, q; 46 if ((ph = p.hash) > h) 47 p = pl; 48 else if (ph < h) 49 p = pr; 50 else if ((pk = p.key) == k || (k != null && k.equals(pk))) 51 return p; 52 else if (pl == null) 53 p = pr; 54 else if (pr == null) 55 p = pl; 56 else if ((kc != null || 57 (kc = comparableClassFor(k)) != null) && 58 (dir = compareComparables(kc, k, pk)) != 0) 59 p = (dir < 0) ? pl : pr; 60 else if ((q = pr.find(h, k, kc)) != null) 61 return q; 62 else 63 p = pl; 64 } while (p != null); 65 return null; 66 }
put(K key,V value)函数
1 //put(K key,V value)函数 2 public V put(K key, V value) { 3 return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true); 4 } 5 6 final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent, 7 boolean evict) { 8 Node<K,V>[] tab; 9 Node<K,V> p; 10 int n, i; 11 //如果table为空或者长度为0,则resize() 12 if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0) 13 n = (tab = resize()).length; 14 //找到key值对应的槽并且是第一个,直接加入 15 if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null) 16 tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null); 17 else { 18 Node<K,V> e; 19 K k; 20 //第一个node的hash值即为要加入元素的hash 21 if (p.hash == hash && 22 ((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))){ 23 e = p; 24 }else if (p instanceof TreeNode)//第一个节点是TreeNode,即tree-bin 25 /*Tree version of putVal. 26 *final TreeNode<K,V> putTreeVal(HashMap<K,V> map, Node<K,V>[] tab,int h, K k, V v) 27 */ 28 e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value); 29 else { 30 //不是TreeNode,即为链表,遍历链表 31 for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) { 32 /*到达链表的尾端也没有找到key值相同的节点, 33 *则生成一个新的Node,并且判断链表的节点个数是不是到达转换成红黑树的上界 34 *达到,则转换成红黑树 35 */ 36 if ((e = p.next) == null) { 37 p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null); 38 if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st 39 treeifyBin(tab, hash); 40 break; 41 } 42 if (e.hash == hash && 43 ((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k)))) 44 break; 45 p = e; 46 } 47 } 48 if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key 49 V oldValue = e.value; 50 if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null) 51 e.value = value; 52 afterNodeAccess(e); 53 //返回旧的value值 54 return oldValue; 55 } 56 } 57 ++modCount; 58 if (++size > threshold) 59 resize(); 60 afterNodeInsertion(evict); 61 return null; 62 }