Mac OS X安装 Scrapy、PIL、BeautifulSoup

环境:Mac OS X Yosemite 10.10.3

安装Scrapy

学习Python爬虫必须要使用的框架Scrapy,话不多说。

打开终端执行命令:

sudo easy_install pip

pip 和 easy_install 都是 Python 的框架管理命令,pip 是对 easy_install的升级。

然后终端执行命令安装 Scrapy:

sudo pip install Scrapy

如果执行成功,那么 Scrapy 就安装成功了,但往往事与愿违,你很有可能遇到如下错误:

    /private/tmp/pip-build-9RYtLC/lxml/src/lxml/includes/etree_defs.h:14:10: fatal error: 'libxml/xmlversion.h' file not found
    #include "libxml/xmlversion.h"
    ^
    1 error generated.
    error: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1
    
    ----------------------------------------
    
    Command "/usr/bin/python -c "import setuptools,     tokenize;__file__='/private/tmp/pip-build-9RYtLC/lxml/setup.py';exec(compile(getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__).read().replace('\r\n', '\n'), __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-544HZx-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile" failed with error code 1 in /private/tmp/pip-build-9RYtLC/lxml

《Mac OS X安装 Scrapy、PIL、BeautifulSoup》 屏幕快照 2015-04-21 下午1.30.42.png

解决方法有如下几种:

1、终端执行命令安装或更新命令行开发工具:

xcode-select --install

2、配置路径:C_INCLUDE_PATH

C_INCLUDE_PATH=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.10.sdk/usr/include/libxml2:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.10.sdk/usr/include/libxml2/libxml:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.10.sdk/usr/include

3、参照官网使用如下命令安装Scrapy

STATIC_DEPS=true pip install lxml

一般此三个方法就可解决错误成功安装Scrapy,如果还是失败,参考 StackOverflow上的一个帖子

安装PIL

PIL是Python的图形处理库,在学习爬虫的时候可以用来处理验证码。
终端输入命令:

sudo pip install pil

恩,出错:

/Library/Python/2.7/site-packages/pip-6.1.1-py2.7.egg/pip/_vendor/requests/packages/urllib3/util/ssl_.py:79: InsecurePlatformWarning: A true SSLContext object is not available. This prevents urllib3 from configuring SSL appropriately and may cause certain SSL connections to fail. For more information, see https://urllib3.readthedocs.org/en/latest/security.html#insecureplatformwarning.
  InsecurePlatformWarning
  Could not find a version that satisfies the requirement pil (from versions: )
  Some externally hosted files were ignored as access to them may be unreliable (use --allow-external pil to allow).
  No matching distribution found for pil

不过提示了添加参数 --allow-external pil
好,改一下命令重新执行:

sudo pip install PIL --allow-external PIL

好的,开始安装了,哎?好像又出错了!!!

_imagingft.c:73:10: fatal error: 'freetype/fterrors.h' file not found
#include <freetype/fterrors.h>
         ^
1 error generated.
error: Setup script exited with error: command 'cc' failed with exit status 1

提示没找到 freetype/fterrors.h文件,百度怎么解决,很多文章的解决办法是执行命令:ln -s /usr/local/include/freetype2 /usr/local/include/freetype

然后,试了,不行。

从Finder来到目录 usr/local/include下,咦?好像有目录freetype2,但是么有freetype,那么…可以复制一个freetype2的副本再改名freetype不行吗?恩,然后我就这样干了。然后在终端重新执行安装PIL的命令:

sudo pip install PIL --allow-external PIL

然后就安装成功了~~

安装BeautifulSoup

首先,官网下载最新的包beautifulsoup4 4.3.2,然后解压缩,从终端进入该目录。
终端执行

sudo python setup.py install

《Mac OS X安装 Scrapy、PIL、BeautifulSoup》 屏幕快照 2015-05-23 下午5.26.37.png

好,安装成功。

Beautifulsoup的官方文档

补充:
easy_install使用方法:

安装:easy_install PackageName
删除:easy_install -m PackageName
更新:easy_install -U PackageName

pip使用方法:

安装:pip install PackageName
删除:pip uninstall PackageName
更新:pip install -U PackageName
搜索:pip search PackageName

    原文作者:贰拾贰画生
    原文地址: https://www.jianshu.com/p/5265b76026d9
    本文转自网络文章,转载此文章仅为分享知识,如有侵权,请联系博主进行删除。
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