有时候需要对字段里面的字符串进行索引,比如查找评论,搜索引擎等需求。
- 全文搜索2.4以后默认开启,还在用以前版本的请自行百度Google开启全文搜索。
- 全文索引的建立比较慢,实操中需要等服务器闲时或者离线进行(否则会阻塞读写,当然也可以放在后台运行)。
使用
- 现在tesla集合有几条歌词文档数据如下:
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b56b80f12feec77a93a86"), "song" : "1. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "On a dark desert highway, cool wind in my hair. Warm smell of colitas, rising up through the air.Chan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b56c00f12feec77a93a87"), "song" : "1. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "On a dark desert highway, cool wind in my hair. Warm smell of colitas, rising up through the air." }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b57200f12feec77a93a88"), "song" : "3. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "Such a lovely place, Such a lovely face." }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b57200f12feec77a93a89"), "song" : "4. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "Some dance to remember, some dance to forget." }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b57200f12feec77a93a8a"), "song" : "5. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "Welcome to the Hotel California" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b57200f12feec77a93a8b"), "song" : "hell world", "lyrics" : "Welcome to beijing" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b79090f12feec77a93a8c"), "song" : "6. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "ssl certificate" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b7c080f12feec77a93a8d"), "song" : "7. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "pre-market lovely" }
添加全文索引:
db.tesla.ensureIndex({song:"text",lyrics:"text"},{weights:{song:1,lycris:2}})
{song:”text”,lyrics:”text”}:给”song”,”lyrics”字段添加全文索引。
{weights:{song:1,lycris:2}: 权重分配,”lycris” 的权重为2,”song”的权重为1.(权重越大优先级越高,权重的区间为1-1000,000,000)
一旦分配错了权重,只能删除索引重新建立,建立权重请务必小心
- 搜索含有”lovely”的文档:
db.tesla.find({$text:{$search:"lovely"}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b57200f128"), "song" : "3. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "Such a lovely place, Such a lovely face." }
(只有一条)
- 搜索含有”dark”的文档:
db.tesla.find({$text:{$search:"dark"}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b56b80f126"), "song" : "1. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "On a dark desert highway, cool wind in my hair. Warm smell of colitas, rising up through the air. Chan" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b56c00f167"), "song" : "1. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "On a dark desert highway, cool wind in my hair. Warm smell of colitas, rising up through the air." }
- 或搜索,搜索包含”lovely”或包含”remember”的文档:
db.tesla.find({$text:{$search:"lovely remember"}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b57200f12feec77a93a88"), "song" : "3. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "Such a lovely place, Such a lovely face." }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b57200f12feec77a93a89"), "song" : "4. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "Some dance to remember, some dance to forget." }
(中间使用空格隔开)
- 与搜索,搜索包含”dark”和”Chan”的文档:
db.tesla.find({$text:{$search:"\"dark\"\"chan\""}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b56b80f12feec77a93a86"), "song" : "1. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "On a dark desert highway, cool wind in my hair. Warm smell of colitas, rising up through the air.Chan" }
(使用\”把关键字包起来)
- 排除关键字,搜索包含”dark”但是不包含”Chan”的文档:
db.tesla.find({$text:{$search:"dark -chan"}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b56c00f12feec77a93a87"), "song" : "1. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "On a dark desert highway, cool wind in my hair. Warm smell of colitas, rising up through the air." }
(使用-将排除的关键字标识出来)
- 排除关键字短语,例如pre-market,搜索含有”lovely”但是不包含”pre-market”的文档:
db.tesla.find({$text:{$search:"lovely -pre -market"}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("5a5b57200f12feec77a93a88"), "song" : "3. Hotel California", "lyrics" : "Such a lovely place, Such a lovely face." }
(有短语的需要在短语之间进行拆分,例子中的pre-market拆成 pre -market,否则mongoDB会把pre-market的减号当成分隔符)
- A query can specify, at most, one
$text
expression. - The
$text
query can not appear in$nor
expressions. - To use a
$text
query in an$or
expression, all clauses in the$or
array must be indexed. - You cannot use
hint()
if the query includes a$text
query expression. - You cannot specify
$natural
sort order if the query includes a$text
expression. - You cannot combine the
$text
expression, which requires a special text index, with a query operator that requires a different type of special index. For example you cannot combine$text
expression with the$near
operator. - Views do not support text search.
翻译:
- 一个查询只能指定最多一个$text表达式。
- $text表达式不能跟$nor一起使用。
- $text表达式跟$or一起使用的情况下,数组必须包含全文索引。
- 不能使用hint()强制指定使用全文搜索。
- 在$text表达式中不能使用{$natural:true}进行排序。
- 不能将$text表达式与可以允许不同类型的索引进行组合,例如不能将$text表达式跟$near操作符组合。
- View不支持全文索引。