看完征战Objective-C和Objective-C面向对象初体验
发现Object-C的语法和C语言是一致的,用官方表述来说,就是OC是C的超集,完全支持C的语法。
在磁盘存储的物理形式上,OC头文件后缀名为.h
,实现文件后缀名为.m
,与c++混写的实现文件后缀名为.mm
准备工作:用xCode做oc开发必备技巧
/**
* 必备插件:
* 1. Xcode plug-in:快速生成格式化的注释 [VVDocumenter-Xcode](https://github.com/onevcat/VVDocumenter-Xcode)
* 必须记住的快捷键:
* * 格式化代码(重排缩进):ctrl+i
* * 生成格式化注释: ///
* * 折叠、展开代码段 option+cmd+ ← | →
* * 在h和m文件间切换:cmd+ctrl+向上的方向键
*/
直接写代码感受下吧。下面这个Main方法中展示的OC的基本语法结构,包括
- 变量与数据类型
- 条件控制语句
- 循环控制语句
- 函数
- 面向对象的封装、继承、多态
参考代码:
Main中引入了两个类:一个父类People、一个子类Man
//
// main.m
// HelloObjC
//
// Created by shitianci on 16/5/25.
// Copyright © 2016年 Panda. All rights reserved.
//
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
#import "People.h"
#import "Man.h"
/**
* 求面积的函数
*
* @param width 宽
* @param height 高
*
* @return <#return value description#>
*/
double getArea(double width, double height){
return width*height;
}
/**
* 打印主函数的信息
*
* @param argc 参数个数
* @param argv 参数列表
*
*/
void showInfo(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
NSLog(@"传入参数%d个", argc);
for (int i = 0; i < argc; i++) {
NSLog(@"argv[%d] = %s", i, argv[i]);
}
return;
}
/**
* 入口函数
*
* @param argc 参数个数
* @param argv 参数列表
*
* @return 执行结果
*/
int main(int argc, const char * argv[]) {
@autoreleasepool {
/**
* 必备插件:
* 1. Xcode plug-in:快速生成格式化的注释 [VVDocumenter-Xcode](https://github.com/onevcat/VVDocumenter-Xcode)
* 必须记住的快捷键:
* * 格式化代码(重排缩进):ctrl+i
* * 生成格式化注释: ///
* * 折叠、展开代码段 option+cmd+ ← | →
* * 在h和m文件间切换:cmd+ctrl+向上的方向键
*/
@autoreleasepool {
NSLog(@"Hello, %s, Welcome Object C World!" , "Panda");
showInfo(argc, argv);
#pragma mark 变量与数据类型
/**
* 变量
*/
{
int i = 1; //32bits, 4bytes
short s = 1; //16bits, 2bytes
long l = 1L; //32bits, 4bytes
long long ll = 1LL; //64bits, 8bytes
unsigned int ui = 1;
signed int si = -1;
float f = 0.1;
double d = 100.0;
char c = 'A';
char *string = "string";
NSLog(@"基础数据类型:\n \t int: %d,\n \t float: %f,\n \t double: %lf,\n \t char: %c,\n \t string: %s\n" , i,f,d,c,string);
}
/**
* 表达式:跟C语言一致
*/
{
int a = 1;
NSLog(@"\n\ta 等于 %d, a++ 等于 %d", a, a++);
NSLog(@"\n\ta 等于 %d, ++a 等于 %d", a, ++a);
NSLog(@"\n\ta 等于 %d, a++ 等于 %d", a, a++);
int b = 2;
int c = 5;
int d = 31;
float f = 100.0f;
NSLog(@"\n\t (((a+b)*c)%%d)/f 等于 %f", (((a+b)*c)%d)/f);
}
#pragma mark 条件控制语句
/**
* 分支语句if
*/
{
int a = 1;
int b = 2;
if(a < b && 0 && YES){
NSLog(@"这句话是真的");
}
else if(!NO){
NSLog(@"这句话是假的");
}
}
/**
* 高级跳转语句goto
*/
{
int i = 0;
a:
i++;
NSLog(@"i = %d", i);
if(i < 5){
goto a;
}
else{
goto b;
NSLog(@"不会被执行到哦~");
}
b:
NSLog(@"跳到b了");
}
/**
* switch分支语句
*/
{
int i = 10;
switch (i) {
default:
NSLog(@"switch: i的值超出范围");
// break;
case 1:
NSLog(@"switch: i的值等于1");
break;
case 2:
NSLog(@"switch: i的值等于2");
break;
}
}
#pragma mark 循环控制语句
{
int i = 0;
while (i < 5) {
i++;
NSLog(@"while: i = %d", i);
}
do {
i++;
NSLog(@" do …… while: i = %d", i);
} while (i < 5);
int j;
for (j = 0; j < 100 ;j++) {
if(j > 10){
break;
}
else if(j > 5){
NSLog(@"continue: j = %d", j);
continue;
}
NSLog(@"for: j = %d", j);
}
NSLog(@"break: j = %d", j);
}
}
#pragma mark 函数
{
double width = 10.0;
double height = 6.0;
NSLog(@"width = %f, height = %f, area = %f", width, height, getArea(width, height));
}
#pragma mark 面向对象
{
/**
初始化
*/
People *p1 = [[People alloc]init];
People *p2 = [People new];
NSLog(@"p1 - %p", p1);
NSLog(@"p2 - %p", p2);
/**
* 成员变量和属性
*/
NSLog(@"p1.peopleName - %@", p1.peopleName);
// NSLog(@"p1.peopleName - %s", [p1 peopleName]);
p2.peopleName = @"栗色";
NSLog(@"p2.peopleName - %@", p2.peopleName);
/**
* 方法
*/
NSLog(p2->_peopleOut);
[p2 testSubtractMethod];
[People testAddMethod];
[p2 showWithA:1];
[p2 showWithA:1 andB:2];
[p2 :1 :2];
People *p3 = [[People alloc]initWithPeopleName:@"王五" andPeopleAge:18];
[p3 showBaseInfo];
/**
* 封装、继承、多态(oc只支持方法重写、不支持方法重载)
*/
Man *man = [[Man alloc]init];
[man showBaseInfo];
}
}
return 0;
}
//
// People.h
// HelloObjC
//
// Created by shitianci on 16/6/6.
// Copyright © 2016年 Panda. All rights reserved.
//
#import <Foundation/Foundation.h>
/**
* 人(oc不支持多继承)
*/
@interface People : NSObject
/**
* 成员变量(默认为类内使用)
*/
{
@public //可以在类外用 ->方式 进行调用,(不推荐这样使用)
NSString *_peopleOut;
// NSString *_peopleName;
@protected //在类内可以使用,在类外不行,子类可以使用(默认值)
int _peopleAge;
@private //在类内可以使用,在类外不行,子类不可以使用(默认值)
int _peopleSex;
@package //框架权限,在框架内相当于@protected,在框架外相当于@private
}
/**
* 属性是成员变量的外部接口,替代相应的get、set方法
*/
@property(nonatomic, strong) NSString *peopleName;
- (void) testSubtractMethod;
+ (void) testAddMethod;
//方法名为 "showWithA:"
- (int) showWithA:(int) a;
//方法名为 "showWithA: andB:"
- (int) showWithA:(int) a andB:(int)b;
//方法名为 ": :"
- (int) :(int) a :(int)b;
- (void)showBaseInfo;
- (instancetype)initWithPeopleName:(NSString * )peopleName andPeopleAge:(int)peopleAge;
@end
//
// People.m
// HelloObjC
//
// Created by shitianci on 16/6/6.
// Copyright © 2016年 Panda. All rights reserved.
//
#import "People.h"
@implementation People
//成员
//@synthesize peopleName = _peopleName;
/**
* 重写初始化方法
*
* @return 对象本身
*/
- (instancetype)init
{
self = [super init];
if (self) {
_peopleName = @"张三"; //系统会根据属性默认生成 _peopleName 这个成员变量
_peopleOut = @"直接调用对象成员变量(不推荐)";
}
return self;
}
- (void)showBaseInfo
{
NSLog(@"_peopleName: %@", _peopleName);
NSLog(@"_peopleAge: %d", _peopleAge);
NSLog(@"_peopleOut: %@", _peopleOut);
}
- (instancetype)initWithPeopleName:(NSString * )peopleName andPeopleAge:(int)peopleAge
{
self = [self init];
if (self) {
_peopleName = peopleName; //系统会根据属性默认生成 _peopleName 这个成员变量
_peopleAge = peopleAge;
}
return self;
}
- (void)testSubtractMethod
{
NSLog(@"这是一个减号方法");
}
+ (void)testAddMethod
{
NSLog(@"这是一个加号方法");
}
- (int)showWithA:(int)a
{
NSLog(@"方法 showWithA 携带参数 a = %d", a);
return a;
}
- (int)showWithA:(int)a andB:(int)b
{
NSLog(@"方法 showWithA andB 携带参数 a = %d,b = %d", a, b);
return a+b;
}
- (int) :(int) a :(int)b
{
NSLog(@"方法 : : 携带参数 a = %d,b = %d", a, b);
return a+b;
}
@end
//
// Man.h
// HelloObjC
//
// Created by shitianci on 16/6/6.
// Copyright © 2016年 Panda. All rights reserved.
//
#import "People.h"
@interface Man : People
@end
//
// Man.m
// HelloObjC
//
// Created by shitianci on 16/6/6.
// Copyright © 2016年 Panda. All rights reserved.
//
#import "Man.h"
@implementation Man
- (void)showBaseInfo
{
NSLog(@"This is a Man。");
[super showBaseInfo];
}
@end
Panda
2016-06-06