hive提供了复合数据类型:
Structs: structs内部的数据可以通过DOT(.)来存取,例如,表中一列c的类型为STRUCT{a INT; b INT},我们可以通过c.a来访问域a
Maps(K-V对):访问指定域可以通过[“指定域名称”]进行,例如,一个Map M包含了一个 group -> gid的kv对,gid的值可以通过M[‘group’]来获取
Arrays:array中的数据为相同类型,例如,假如array A中元素[‘a’,’b’,’c’],则A[1]的值为’b’
Struct使用
建表:
create table student_test(id INT, info struct <name:STRING, age:INT > )
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘,’
COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY ‘:’;
‘FIELDS TERMINATED BY’ :字段与字段之间的分隔符
”COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY’ :一个字段各个item的分隔符
导入数据:
$ cat test5.txt
1,zhou:30
2,yan:30
3,chen:20
4,li:80
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH ‘/home/work/data/test5.txt’ INTO TABLE student_test;
查询:
hive> select info.age from student_test;
30
30
20
80
Array使用
建表:
create table class_test(name string, student_id_list array<INT>)
ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘,’
COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY ‘:’;
导入数据:
$ cat test6.txt
034,1:2:3:4
035,5:6
036,7:8:9:10
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH ‘/home/work/data/test6.txt’ INTO TABLE class_test ;
查询:
hive> select student_id_list[3] from class_test;
Map使用
建表:
hive> create table employee(id string, perf map<string,int>)
> ROW FORMAT DELIMITED
> FIELDS TERMINATED BY ‘\t’
> COLLECTION ITEMS TERMINATED BY ‘,’
> MAP KEYS TERMINATED BY ‘:’;
‘MAP KEYS TERMINATED BY’ :key value分隔符
导入数据:
$ cat test7.txt
1 job:80,team:60,person:70
2 job:60,team:80
3 job:90,team:70,person:100
hive> LOAD DATA LOCAL INPATH ‘/home/work/data/test7.txt’ INTO TABLE employee;
查询:
hive> select perf[‘person’] from employee;
hive> select perf[‘person’] from employee where perf[‘person’] is not null;