本例定义了4个类,这里说一下,方便下面讲解。分别是Product(产品),Producer(生产者),Consumer(消费者), Test(测试类)。
多线程之间通信与共享数据只要引用同一内存区域就可以了,做法就是new一个对象,传多个引用。
1 Product pro = new Product(); 2 Producer producer = new Producer(pro); 3 Consumer consumer = new Consumer(pro);
但是由于cpu的随机性,共享数据时容易出现非法数据,这个不必多说了。解决办法就是线程同步,在一个线程对共享的数据访问完之前,不允许另一个线程访问。
但是如果代码写成下面这样,则会出现死锁问题。(虽然本例使用的循环队列容量比较大,一般不会出现,不过这确实是安全隐患)
1 public class Product { 2 3 private boolean[] pro = new boolean[100]; 4 private int head = 0; 5 private int rear = 0; 6 7 public synchronized void production() { 8 while((rear + 1) % 100 == head) { 9 try { 10 this.wait(); 11 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 12 e.printStackTrace(); 13 } 14 } 15 System.out.println("生产了一件产品, 放在位置 : " + rear); 16 pro[rear] = true; 17 rear = (rear + 1) % 100; 18 this.notify(); 19 } 20 21 public synchronized void consume() { 22 while(rear == head) { 23 try { 24 this.wait(); 25 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 26 e.printStackTrace(); 27 } 28 } 29 System.out.println("消费了一件产品, 来自位置 : " + head); 30 pro[head] = false; 31 head = (head + 1) % 100; 32 this.notify(); 33 } 34 }
上面代码判断时用的while而不是if(同步代码中使用while代替if是一种技巧),这样避免判断完成之后cpu切换到另一线程,切换回来时由于没有再次判断,容易造成非法数据的问题。
解决死锁的第一种方案是使用synchronized和object中的各种方法,需要notifyAll代替notify,避免当队列已满且消费者全都wait时,生产者无法生产,造成死锁问题;第二种方案是使用Lock接口和Condition接口,可以用与第一种同样的方法,还可以利用Condition的多监视器绑定的特性,为生产者和消费者分别设置不同的监视器,这样保证生产者唤醒消费者,消费者唤醒生产者,就不会出现死锁问题了。
给出解决后的代码:
1 public class Product { 2 3 private boolean[] pro = new boolean[100]; 4 private int head = 0; 5 private int rear = 0; 6 7 public synchronized void production() { 8 while((rear + 1) % 100 == head) { 9 try { 10 this.wait(); 11 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 12 e.printStackTrace(); 13 } 14 } 15 System.out.println("生产了一件产品, 放在位置 : " + rear); 16 pro[rear] = true; 17 rear = (rear + 1) % 100; 18 this.notifyAll(); 19 } 20 21 public synchronized void consume() { 22 while(rear == head) { 23 try { 24 this.wait(); 25 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 26 e.printStackTrace(); 27 } 28 } 29 System.out.println("消费了一件产品, 来自位置 : " + head); 30 pro[head] = false; 31 head = (head + 1) % 100; 32 this.notifyAll(); 33 } 34 }
1 import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition; 2 import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock; 3 import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock; 4 5 public class Product2 { 6 7 private boolean[] pro = new boolean[100]; 8 private int head = 0; 9 private int rear = 0; 10 Lock lock = new ReentrantLock(); 11 Condition production_con = lock.newCondition(); 12 Condition consume_con = lock.newCondition(); 13 14 public void production() { 15 lock.lock(); 16 while((rear + 1) % 100 == head) { 17 try { 18 production_con.await(); 19 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 20 e.printStackTrace(); 21 } 22 } 23 try { 24 System.out.println("生产了一件产品, 放在位置 : " + rear); 25 pro[rear] = true; 26 rear = (rear + 1) % 100; 27 consume_con.signalAll(); 28 } finally { 29 lock.unlock(); 30 } 31 } 32 33 public void consume() { 34 lock.lock(); 35 while(rear == head) { 36 try { 37 consume_con.await(); 38 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 39 e.printStackTrace(); 40 } 41 } 42 try { 43 System.out.println("消费了一件产品, 来自位置 : " + head); 44 pro[head] = false; 45 head = (head + 1) % 100; 46 production_con.signalAll(); 47 } finally { 48 lock.unlock(); 49 } 50 } 51 }
最后贴上Producer,Consumer,Test三个类的代码
1 public class Producer implements Runnable { 2 private Product pro; 3 public Producer(Product pro) { 4 this.pro = pro; 5 } 6 public void run() { 7 for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { 8 pro.production(); 9 try { 10 Thread.sleep(100); 11 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 12 e.printStackTrace(); 13 } 14 } 15 } 16 }
1 public class Consumer implements Runnable { 2 private Product pro; 3 public Consumer(Product pro) { 4 this.pro = pro; 5 } 6 public void run() { 7 for(int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { 8 pro.consume(); 9 try { 10 Thread.sleep(100); 11 } catch (InterruptedException e) { 12 e.printStackTrace(); 13 } 14 } 15 } 16 }
1 public class Test { 2 3 public static void main(String[] args) { 4 //为了方便阅读,没有用匿名类 5 Product pro = new Product(); 6 Producer producer = new Producer(pro); 7 Consumer consumer = new Consumer(pro); 8 Thread p1 = new Thread(producer); 9 Thread p2 = new Thread(producer); 10 Thread c1 = new Thread(consumer); 11 Thread c2 = new Thread(consumer); 12 p1.start(); 13 p2.start(); 14 c1.start(); 15 c2.start(); 16 } 17 }