注意事项，以下实验都是在mariadb-5.5.60版本做的
一、mysqldump命令实现完全备份，并还原到最新状态
- 前提条件：启用二进制日志，独立存放在单独磁盘上
[root@centos7 network-scripts]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
log_bin=/data/bin/mysql-bin
[root@centos7 ~]#mkdir /data/bin
[root@centos7 ~]#chown mysql.mysql /data/bin
[root@centos7 ~]#ll /data/bin -d
drwxr-xr-x 2 mysql mysql 6 May 6 09:06 /data/bin
[root@centos7 network-scripts]#mysql -e "show variables like 'sql_log_bin'"
+---------------+-------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+-------+
| sql_log_bin | ON |
+---------------+-------+
[root@centos7 network-scripts]#systemctl restart mariadb
[root@centos7 network-scripts]#ll /data/bin/
total 8
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 245 May 6 09:07 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 27 May 6 09:07 mysql-bin.index
- 完全备份
[root@centos7 ~]#mkdir /data/backup
[root@centos7 ~]#mysqldump -A --single-transaction --master-data=2 > /data/backup/all_`date +%F`.sql
[root@centos7 ~]#ll /data/backup/
total 504
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 515088 May 6 09:09 all_2019-05-06.sql
- 修改数据库
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]>
MariaDB [(none)]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> insert teachers (name,age)value('xiaoming',30);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> insert teachers (name,age)value('xiaohong',40);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
| 5 | xiaoming | 30 | NULL |
| 6 | xiaohong | 40 | NULL |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 数据库破坏
[root@centos7 ~]#rm -fr /var/lib/mysql/*
[root@centos7 ~]#ll /var/lib/mysql/
total 0
还原
- 5.1 查看二进制文件列表
[root@centos7 ~]#ll /data/bin
total 8
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 721 May 6 09:21 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 27 May 6 09:18 mysql-bin.index
- 5.2 systemctl restart mariadb
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl restart mariadb
[root@centos7 ~]#ll /data/bin
total 1060
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 740 May 6 09:29 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 30373 May 6 09:29 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 1038814 May 6 09:29 mysql-bin.000003
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 245 May 6 09:29 mysql-bin.000004
-rw-rw---- 1 mysql mysql 108 May 6 09:29 mysql-bin.index
- 5.3
MariaDB [(none)]> set sql_log_bin=off; 注：关闭二进制日志功能，防止还原过程再次记录到二进制日志文件中。
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> source /data/backup/all_2019-05-06.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
表明完全备份的数据库还原了
MariaDB [test]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [test]> use hellodb;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 5.4 查看备份时二进制日志的位置,从此位置后的日志导出到inc.sql
[root@centos7 ~]#less /data/backup/all_2019-05-06.sql
image.png
[root@centos7 ~]#mysqlbinlog --start-position=245 /data/bin/mysql-bin.000001 > /data/backup/inc.sql
[root@centos7 ~]#ll /data/backup/
total 516
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 521622 May 6 09:18 all_2019-05-06.sql
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2397 May 6 09:45 inc.sql
- 5.5 还原完全备份之后数据库改变的内容
MariaDB [hellodb]> source /data/backup/inc.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> set sql_log_bin=on; 注：启动二进制日志功能
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
| 5 | xiaoming | 30 | NULL |
| 6 | xiaohong | 40 | NULL |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
二、新版xtrabackup实现完全备份
- 实验前准备工作，安装
[root@centos7 ~]#yum -y install /root/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
- 在原主机做完全备份到/data/backup 注：/data/backup是自己提前自定义建的放备份文件的目录
- 2.1
[root@centos7 ~]#rm -f /data/backup/*
[root@centos7 ~]#xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/
[root@centos7 ~]#ll /data/backup/
total 18460
-rw-r----- 1 root root 431 May 6 10:57 backup-my.cnf
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 146 May 6 10:57 hellodb
-rw-r----- 1 root root 18874368 May 6 10:57 ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 May 6 10:57 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 May 6 10:57 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 20 May 6 10:57 test
-rw-r----- 1 root root 21 May 6 10:57 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 113 May 6 10:57 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 root root 468 May 6 10:57 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 2560 May 6 10:57 xtrabackup_logfile
- 2.2将备份文件拷贝到目标主机上
[root@centos7 ~]#scp -r /data/backup/* 192.168.18.17:/data/backup
- 在目标主机上
[root@centos7bp ~]#yum -y install /root/percona-xtrabackup-24-2.4.13-1.el7.x86_64.rpm
- 3.1 预准备：确保数据一致，提交完成的事务，回滚未完成的事务
[root@centos7bp ~]#ll /data/backup
total 18460
-rw-r----- 1 root root 431 May 6 11:04 backup-my.cnf
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 146 May 6 11:04 hellodb
-rw-r----- 1 root root 18874368 May 6 11:04 ibdata1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 May 6 11:04 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 May 6 11:04 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 20 May 6 11:04 test
-rw-r----- 1 root root 21 May 6 11:04 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 113 May 6 11:04 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 root root 468 May 6 11:04 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 2560 May 6 11:04 xtrabackup_logfile
[root@centos7bp ~]#xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/backup
[root@centos7bp ~]#ll /data/backup
total 49180
-rw-r----- 1 root root 431 May 6 11:04 backup-my.cnf
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 146 May 6 11:04 hellodb
-rw-r----- 1 root root 18874368 May 6 11:09 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 root root 5242880 May 6 11:09 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 5242880 May 6 11:09 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 May 6 11:09 ibtmp1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 May 6 11:04 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 May 6 11:04 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 20 May 6 11:04 test
-rw-r----- 1 root root 21 May 6 11:04 xtrabackup_binlog_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 113 May 6 11:09 xtrabackup_checkpoints
-rw-r----- 1 root root 468 May 6 11:04 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 8388608 May 6 11:09 xtrabackup_logfile
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1 May 6 11:09 xtrabackup_master_key_id
- 3.2 复制到数据库目录
a. 将备份文件复制到数据库目录之前，数据库目录必须为空，Mysql服务不能启动
[root@centos7bp ~]#systemctl stop mariadb
[root@centos7bp ~]#rm -fr /var/lib/mysql/*
b. 将备份文件复制到数据库目录
[root@centos7bp ~]#xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backup
3.3 还原属性
image.png
[root@centos7bp ~]#chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/
[root@centos7bp ~]#ll /var/lib/mysql/
total 40976
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 146 May 6 11:13 hellodb
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 May 6 11:13 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 May 6 11:13 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 May 6 11:13 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 6 11:13 ibtmp1
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 6 11:13 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 6 11:13 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 20 May 6 11:13 test
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 468 May 6 11:13 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 1 May 6 11:13 xtrabackup_master_key_id
- 3.4 启动服务
[root@centos7bp ~]#systemctl start mariadb
[root@centos7bp ~]#systemctl start mariadb
[root@centos7bp ~]#mysql -e 'show databases'
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
[root@centos7bp ~]#mysql -e 'select * from hellodb.teachers'
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
| 5 | xiaoming | 30 | NULL |
| 6 | xiaohong | 40 | NULL |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
三、新版xtrabackup完全，增量备份及还原
- 备份过程（在原主机上备份数据库）
- 1.1 完全备份 ：xtrabackup –backup –target-dir=/data/backup/base
[root@centos7 backup]#rm -fr ./*
[root@centos7 backup]#ls
[root@centos7 backup]#xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/base
[root@centos7 backup]#ls
base
- 1.2 第一次修改数据
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 14
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> use hellodb;
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Database changed
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
| 5 | xiaoming | 30 | NULL |
| 6 | xiaohong | 40 | NULL |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> insert teachers (name,age)value('aaa',18);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
| 5 | xiaoming | 30 | NULL |
| 6 | xiaohong | 40 | NULL |
| 7 | aaa | 18 | NULL |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 1.3 第一次增量备份：xtrabackup –backup –target-dir=/data/backup/inc1 –incremental-basedir=/data/backup/base
[root@centos7 backup]#xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/base
[root@centos7 backup]#ls
base inc1
- 1.4第二次修改数据
MariaDB [hellodb]> insert teachers (name,age)value('bbb',28);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
| 5 | xiaoming | 30 | NULL |
| 6 | xiaohong | 40 | NULL |
| 7 | aaa | 18 | NULL |
| 8 | bbb | 28 | NULL |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
- 1.5 第二次增量备份：xtrabackup –backup –target-dir=/data/backup/inc2 –incremental-basedir=/data/backup/inc1
[root@centos7 backup]#xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/inc2 --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/inc1
ll
[root@centos7 backup]#ll
total 0
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 217 May 6 12:35 base
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 243 May 6 12:48 inc1
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 243 May 6 12:55 inc2
- 1.6 scp -r /data/backup/* 目标主机:/data/backup/
[root@centos7bp ~]#rm -fr /data/backup/* 注：centos7bp该主机为目标主机
[root@centos7 backup]#scp -r /data/backup/* 192.168.18.17:/data/backup/
[root@centos7bp ~]#ll /data/backup/ 注：备份过程生成三个备份目录
total 0
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 217 May 6 12:59 base
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 243 May 6 12:59 inc1
drwxr-x--- 6 root root 243 May 6 12:59 inc2
- 还原过程(在目标主机上还原数据库)
- 2.1 预准备完成备份，此选项–apply-log-only 阻止回滚未完成的事务
[root@centos7bp ~]#xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backup/base
- 2.2 合并第1次增量备份到完全备
[root@centos7bp ~]#xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backup/base --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc1
- 2.3 合并第2次增量备份到完全备份：最后一次还原不需要加选项–apply-log-only
[root@centos7bp ~]#xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/backup/base --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc2
- 2.4 复制到数据库目录，注意数据库目录必须为空，MySQL服务不能启动
xtrabackup –copy-back –target-dir=/data/backup/base
[root@centos7bp ~]#rm -fr /var/lib/mysql/*
[root@centos7bp ~]#systemctl stop mariadb
[root@centos7bp ~]#xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backup/base
[root@centos7bp backup]#ll /var/lib/mysql/
total 40980
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 146 May 6 13:15 hellodb
-rw-r----- 1 root root 18874368 May 6 13:15 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 root root 5242880 May 6 13:15 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 root root 5242880 May 6 13:15 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 May 6 13:15 ibtmp1
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 May 6 13:15 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 May 6 13:15 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 root root 20 May 6 13:15 test
-rw-r----- 1 root root 31 May 6 13:15 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
-rw-r----- 1 root root 518 May 6 13:15 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 root root 1 May 6 13:15 xtrabackup_master_key_id
- 2.5 还原属性：chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql
[root@centos7bp backup]#chown -R mysql:mysql /var/lib/mysql/
[root@centos7bp backup]#ll /var/lib/mysql/
total 40980
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 146 May 6 13:15 hellodb
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 18874368 May 6 13:15 ibdata1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 May 6 13:15 ib_logfile0
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 5242880 May 6 13:15 ib_logfile1
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 6 13:15 ibtmp1
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 6 13:15 mysql
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 6 13:15 performance_schema
drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 20 May 6 13:15 test
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 31 May 6 13:15 xtrabackup_binlog_pos_innodb
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 518 May 6 13:15 xtrabackup_info
-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 1 May 6 13:15 xtrabackup_master_key_id
- 2.6 启动服务 ：systemctl start mariadb
[root@centos7bp backup]#systemctl start mariadb
[root@centos7bp backup]#mysql hellodb
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [hellodb]> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
| 5 | xiaoming | 30 | NULL |
| 6 | xiaohong | 40 | NULL |
| 7 | aaa | 18 | NULL |
| 8 | bbb | 28 | NULL |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
四、主从复制
- 主节点
- 1.1 修改配置
[root@centos7 backup]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=7
binlog_format=row
log_bin=/data/bin/mysql-bin
[root@centos7 backup]#systemctl restart mariadb 注：修改配置文件重启服务
- 1.2 查看位置信息：show master logs
[root@centos7 backup]#mysql -e 'show master logs'
+------------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+------------------+-----------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 245 | 注：最新的位置信息
+------------------+-----------+
- 1.3 创建有复制权限的可用账号
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON . TO ‘repluser’@’HOST’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘replpass’
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.18.17' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
- 从节点配置
- 2.1 修改配置
[root@centos7bp backup]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=17
read_only=ON
[root@centos7bp backup]#systemctl restart mariadb 注：重启服务
- 2.2 配置同步信息
[root@centos7bp backup]#mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 5
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.18.7',
-> MASTER_USER='repluser',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='123456',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000004',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=711;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
- 2.3 启动复制tread
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave; 注：启动重线程
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.18.7
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001 注：二进制日志文件
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 687
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes 注：io线程启动
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 注：sql线程启动
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 403
Relay_Log_Space: 983
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 7 注：主服务器id为7
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
- 验证主从服务器是否同步
主服务器
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql -e 'show databases;'
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
从服务器
[root@centos7bp ~]#mysql -e 'show databases;'
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
在主服务器上导入一个数据库
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql < hellodb_innodb.sql
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql -e 'show databases'
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
查看从服务器是否同步数据
[root@centos7bp ~]#mysql -e 'show databases'
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
注：通过上面对比，主从服务器已经同步
五、实验：基于一台旧服务的基础上，实现主从复制（增加一台从服务器）
- 主节点
- 1.1 修改配置
[root@centos7 backup]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=7
binlog_format=row
log_bin=/data/bin/mysql-bin
[root@centos7 backup]#systemctl restart mariadb 注：修改配置文件重启服务
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql -e 'show databases'
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| hellodb |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
- 1.2 创建有复制权限的可用账号
GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON . TO ‘repluser’@’HOST’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘replpass’
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to 'repluser'@'192.168.18.17' identified by '123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.02 sec)
- 1.3 完全备份
[root@centos7 backup]#mysqldump -A --single-transaction -F --master-data=1 > /data/backup/all.sql
- 1.4 将备份数据库传到目标主机上
[root@centos7 backup]#scp /data/backup/all.sql 192.168.18.17:/data/backup/
root@192.168.18.17's password:
all.sql 100% 510KB 19.5MB/s 00:00
查看传过来的数据库备份文件
[root@centos7bp ~]#ll /data/backup/
total 512
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 521834 May 6 15:23 all.sql
- 从节点
- 2.1 修改配置
[root@centos7bp backup]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server_id=17
read_only=ON
[root@centos7bp backup]#systemctl restart mariadb
修改前数据库备份文件
[root@centos7bp backup]#vim all.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.14 Distrib 5.5.60-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost Database:
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.5.60-MariaDB
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
--
-- Position to start replication or point-in-time recovery from
--
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003', MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
--
修改后数据库备份文件，注注：将主服务器上增加的用户信息填进来
[root@centos7bp backup]#vim all.sql
-- MySQL dump 10.14 Distrib 5.5.60-MariaDB, for Linux (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost Database:
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.5.60-MariaDB
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
--
-- Position to start replication or point-in-time recovery from
--
CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.18.7', 注：增加主机
MASTER_USER='repluser', 注：用户
MASTER_PASSWORD='123456', 注：用户密码
MASTER_PORT=3306, 注：端口
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000003',
MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
注：将主服务器上增加的用户信息填进来
- 2.2 导入备份数据库文件
[root@centos7bp backup]#mysql < all.sql
root@centos7bp backup]#mysql -e 'select * from hellodb.teachers'
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
- 2.3 查看线程状态
root@centos7bp backup]#mysql
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MariaDB connection id is 6
Server version: 5.5.60-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Copyright (c) 2000, 2018, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.18.7
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000001
Relay_Log_Pos: 4
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: No 注：io线程没有启动
Slave_SQL_Running: No 注：sql线程没有启动
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_Space: 245
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 0
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
ERROR: No query specified
- 2.4 启动tread线程
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.18.7
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 630
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 914
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000003
Slave_IO_Running: Yes 注：线程启动
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes 注：线程启动
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 630
Relay_Log_Space: 1210
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 7
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
ERROR: No query specified
MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from teachers;
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| TID | Name | Age | Gender |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
| 1 | Song Jiang | 45 | M |
| 2 | Zhang Sanfeng | 94 | M |
| 3 | Miejue Shitai | 77 | F |
| 4 | Lin Chaoying | 93 | F |
| 5 | aaa | 19 | NULL |
| 6 | bb | 29 | NULL |
+-----+---------------+-----+--------+
6 rows in set (0.00 sec)
注：此种操作说明，备份数据库文件之后，就算主服务器数据库发生了变化，从服务器只要启动start slave ，所有改变的数据同时都同步过来了
