1. Android手机与BLE终端设备通信结果都是以回调的形式返回:
private BluetoothGattCallback mGattCallback = new BluetoothGattCallback() {
//连接状态改变的回调
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status,
int newState) {
if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
// 连接成功后启动服务发现
Log.e("test", "启动服务发现:" + mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());
}
};
//发现服务的回调
public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
Log.e(TAG, "成功发现服务");
}else{
Log.e(TAG, "服务发现失败,错误码为:" + status);
}
};
//写操作的回调
public void onCharacteristicWrite(BluetoothGatt gatt,BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
Log.e(TAG, "写入成功" +characteristic.getValue());
}
};
//读操作的回调
public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt,BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
Log.e(TAG, "读取成功" +characteristic.getValue());
}
}
//数据返回的回调(此处接收BLE设备返回数据)
public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt,BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
};
};
}
2. 连接蓝牙BLE终端设备两种方式:
- 通过BLE 设备的蓝牙 mac 地址
public boolean connect(String address) {
if (mBluetoothAdapter == null || address == null) {
ULog.e("BluetoothAdapter not initialized or unspecified address.");
return false;
}
if (mBluetoothDeviceAddress != null && address.equals(mBluetoothDeviceAddress)
&& mBluetoothGatt != null) {
ULog.i("Trying to use an existing mBluetoothGatt for connection.");
return mBluetoothGatt.connect();
}
final BluetoothDevice device = mBluetoothAdapter.getRemoteDevice(address);
if (device == null) {
ULog.e("Device not found,Unable to connect.");
return false;
}
mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
ULog.i("Trying to create a new connection.");
mBluetoothDeviceAddress = address;
return true;
}
- 或者使用 BluetoothDevice 对象
private boolean connectBLEDevice(BluetoothDevice device) {
if (null == mBluetoothAdapter || null == device) {
LogUtils.e(TAG, "蓝牙适配器对象为null,或 device 为空");
return false;
}
if (mState != State.STATE_IDLE && mState != State.STATE_DISCONNECT) {
LogUtils.e(TAG, "connectBLEDevice():当前状态不可连接" + mState.name());
return false;
}
//新建连接,device.connectGatt()方法中 false 表示立刻连接,true 表示在合适的时间连接
mBluetoothGatt = device.connectGatt(this, false, mGattCallback);
LogUtils.d(TAG, "新建 Gatt 连接");
mState = State.STATE_CONNECTING;
return true;
}
连接成功与否都会通过BluetoothGattCallback这个回调来告诉我们:
// 连接状态改变的回调
@Override
public void onConnectionStateChange(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status,
int newState) {
//代表连接成功,此处我们可以发送一个广播回去告诉activity已成功连接
if (newState == BluetoothProfile.STATE_CONNECTED) {
//连接成功后启动服务发现
Log.e("test", "启动服务发现:" + mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices());
}
}
3.启动服务发现
- 连接成功后,我们就要去寻找我们所需要的服务,这里需要先启动服务发现:
mBluetoothGatt.discoverServices() ;
- 启动服务发现的BluetoothGattCallback中回调:
// 发现服务的回调
@Override
public void onServicesDiscovered(BluetoothGatt gatt, int status) {
if(D) ULog.i(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered:");
if (status == BluetoothGatt.GATT_SUCCESS) {
/* broadcast the Service Discovered state to Page */
ULog.i("ttest", "onServicesDiscovered");
for(BluetoothGattService service : gatt.getServices()) {
ULog.i("ttest", "service UUID = " + service.getUuid());
//System.out.println("service UUID = " + service.getUuid());
for(BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic : service.getCharacteristics()) {
ULog.i("ttest", " characteristic UUID = " + characteristic.getUuid());
//System.out.println("characteristic UUID = " + characteristic.getUuid());
for(BluetoothGattDescriptor descriptor : characteristic.getDescriptors()) {
ULog.i("ttest", " descriptor UUID = " + descriptor.getUuid());
//System.out.println("descriptor UUID = " + descriptor.getUuid());
}
}
}
} else {
if(D) ULog.w(TAG, "onServicesDiscovered received: " + status);
}
}
4.开始通信
- 可以从硬件工程师那边得到serviceUUID和characteristicUUID
BluetoothGattService service = mBluetoothGatt.getService(UUID.fromString("your service uuid"));
BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic= service.getCharacteristic(UUID.fromString("your characteristicUUID"));
- 读操作,只需将相应的特征值传入即可得到该特征值下的数据,比如跟硬件工程师约定好serviceUUID和characteristicUUID直接读取ble设备中bin文件版本等一些功能,如下:
mBluetoothGatt.readCharacteristic(characteristic);
读取的结果通过onCharacteristicRead回调返回:(通过characteristic.getValue()就可以得到读取到的值了)
@Override
public void onCharacteristicRead(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic, int status) {
Log.i("ttest", "UUID = " + characteristic.getUuid());
}
- 写操作,通过向characteristic写入指令(发送指令)以此来达到控制BLE终端设备的目的:
//将指令放置进特征中
characteristic.setValue(new byte[] {0x7a, 0x11, 0x03, 0x02,0x01,(byte) 0xab});
//设置回复形式
characteristic.setWriteType(BluetoothGattCharacteristic.WRITE_TYPE_NO_RESPONSE);
//开始写数据
mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(chharacteristic);
注:与仪器通信,我们这里发送的是16进制的数据,发送的时候需要先将其装载到byte[]数组中,例如我发送 7e 14 00 00 00 aa这个指令,我需要把它转化为ew byte[] {0x7a, 0x11, 0x03, 0x02,0x01,(byte) 0xab}这样去发送,因为BLE传输过程每次最大只能传输20个字节,所以如果发送的指令大于20字节的话要分包发送,例如现在要发送28个字节的,可以先write(前20个字节),开启线程sleep(几十毫秒)后在write(后面8个字节)。
5.ble终端设备返回数据
- 当我们向BLE终端设备写入指令时,如果写入成功并且指令也正确,我们就会获得相应的响应指令,在下面这个回调中我们可以得到BLE设备返回回来的响应指令(通过characteristic.getValue()取出返回数据):
// 数据返回的回调(此处接收机器返回数据并作处理)
public void onCharacteristicChanged(BluetoothGatt gatt, BluetoothGattCharacteristic characteristic) {
Log.e("test",characteristic.getValue());
};
- 接收到返回数据的前提是我们设置了该特征具有Notification功能,所以完整的写操作代码应该是这样的(注意设置特征Notification的代码要放在最前):
mBluetoothGatt.setCharacteristicNotification(characteristic,true)
//将指令放置进来
characteristic.setValue(new byte[] {0x7a, 0x11, 0x03, 0x02,0x01,(byte) 0xab});
//设置回复形式
characteristic.setWriteType(BluetoothGattCharacteristic.WRITE_TYPE_NO_RESPONSE);
//开始写数据
mBluetoothGatt.writeCharacteristic(chharacteristic);
项目demo下载地址:
https://download.csdn.net/download/qingshui1234567/10629498
ps:有相关疑问及建议,可留言指导交流;