进程间通信系列
AIDL的入门使用(一)
AIDL的入门使用(二)
AIDL的入门使用(三)
Messenger的入门使用
序言:
在Android 的进程间通信 Binder——AIDL的入门使用(一)中我们可以通过AIDL调用服务端的方法进行操作,那可不可以反过来呢,服务端调用客户端的方法,场景:图书馆有新书时自动通知所有订阅的读者;这里就可以使用观察者模式,客户端在服务端注册一个接口,当服务端有新书,自动调用客户端注册的接口。这种方式也可以用于消息推送的通知其他进程(猜测)。
对服务端进行的改造:(过程参考《Android开发艺术探索》)
1、定义一个当有新书到来时的通知接口,由于需在客户端回调使用到了跨进程,所以需要定义在AIDL文件中。
// IOnNewBookArrivedListener.aidl
package com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
import com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book;//虽然在同一个包中,但还是要进行导包操作,否则会报错。
interface IOnNewBookArrivedListener {//当有新书的时候的通知接口。
void onNewBookArrived(in Book newBook);
}
2、在IMyAidlInterface.aidl文件中增加注册和解除注册的方法。
// IMyAidlInterface.aidl
package com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl;
// Declare any non-default types here with import statements
import com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.Book;//虽然在同一个包中,但还是要进行导包操作,否则会报错。
import com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IOnNewBookArrivedListener;
interface IMyAidlInterface {
........
void registerListener(in IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener);// 注册监听
void unregisterListener(in IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener);//解除注册
}
3、在AidlSerVerService中的IMyAidlInterface.Stub实现registerListener和unregisterListener方法,在onCreat方法中开启一个线程,每隔5秒就加入一本新书并通知已注册的客户端。
package com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl;
import android.app.Service;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.IBinder;
import android.os.RemoteCallbackList;
import android.os.RemoteException;
import android.text.TextUtils;
import android.util.Log;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;
public class AidlSerVerService extends Service {
private static final String TAG = "AidlSerVerService";
private volatile boolean mIsServiceDestoryed = false;//Service是否销毁
// 用于保存跨进程接口回调的对象,已自动实现了线程同步
private RemoteCallbackList<IOnNewBookArrivedListener> mListenerList = new RemoteCallbackList<>();
//CopyOnWriteArrayList支持并发读写并自动进行线程同步 ,
private CopyOnWriteArrayList<Book> mBookList = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>();
private String tag = "empty";
private int num = -1;
private IMyAidlInterface.Stub stub_binder = new IMyAidlInterface.Stub() {//IMyAidlInterface.Stub为Binder的子类
@Override
public void basicTypes(int anInt, long aLong, boolean aBoolean, float aFloat, double aDouble, String aString) throws RemoteException {
}
@Override
public void addBook(Book book) throws RemoteException {
addBookNotify(book);
}
@Override
public List<Book> getBooks() throws RemoteException {
return mBookList;//这里虽然返回的是CopyOnWriteArrayList,但底层会按照ArrayList进行读取然后返回给客户端
}
@Override
public void registerListener(com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener) throws RemoteException {
mListenerList.register(listener);
Log.e(TAG, "registerListener: 已经注册Size=" + mListenerList.getRegisteredCallbackCount());
}
@Override
public void unregisterListener(com.ljp.aidl_server.aidl.IOnNewBookArrivedListener listener) throws RemoteException {
mListenerList.unregister(listener);
Log.e(TAG, "unregisterListener: 现注册的Size=" + mListenerList.getRegisteredCallbackCount());
}
@Override
public void setTag(String tag) throws RemoteException {
synchronized (this) {//进行同步操作,有可能并发
if (!TextUtils.isEmpty(tag)) {
AidlSerVerService.this.tag = tag;
}
}
}
@Override
public String getTag() throws RemoteException {
return tag;
}
@Override
public void setNum(int num) throws RemoteException {
synchronized (this) {
AidlSerVerService.this.num = num;
}
}
@Override
public int getNum() throws RemoteException {
return num;
}
};
@Override
public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
// TODO: Return the communication channel to the service.
return stub_binder;
}
@Override
public void onCreate() {
super.onCreate();
mBookList.add(new Book(100, "Android开发", 20));
mBookList.add(new Book(101, "Java开发", 22));
new Thread(new Worker()).start(); //开启一个线程,每5秒添加一本新书并通知到已注册的全部客户端
Log.e("aidl_server_Service", "onCreate: ");
}
@Override
public void onDestroy() {
mIsServiceDestoryed=true;
super.onDestroy();
}
/**
* 添加书籍并通知客户端
* @param newBook 添加的新书
* @throws RemoteException
*/
private void addBookNotify(Book newBook) throws RemoteException {
mBookList.add(newBook);
int count = mListenerList.beginBroadcast();//必须与 finishBroadcast()方法配对使用
Log.e(TAG, "addBookNotify: 通知所有的监听器,size= " + count);
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
IOnNewBookArrivedListener item = mListenerList.getBroadcastItem(i);
if (item != null) {
item.onNewBookArrived(newBook);//调用客户端的方法,通知客户端,由于调用了客户端的方法为耗时操作建议放在子线程中
}
}
mListenerList.finishBroadcast();//必须与 beginBroadcast()方法配对使用
}
private class Worker implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
while (!mIsServiceDestoryed) {
try {
Thread.sleep(5 * 1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
int bookId = mBookList.size() + 1;
Book newBook = new Book(bookId, "new book #" + bookId, bookId * 1.5);
try {
addBookNotify(newBook);
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
}
上面使用到了CopyOnWriteArrayList和RemoteCallbackList,这里的监听器管理不能使用List,否则在最后解除注册不会成功(因为服务端收到的listener每次都是新创建的对象),因此采用RemoteCallbackList管理。
CopyOnWriteArrayList:支持并发读写,自动进行线程同步,使用和ArrayList相同,实现了List接口,但和ArrayList没有任何关系。类似的还有ConcurrentHashMap
RemoteCallbackList:系统专门提供用于删除跨进程listener的接口,使用了泛型支持管理任意的AIDL接口,其内部采用ArrayMap<IBinder, Callback>键值对的方式存储,当客户端进程终止后它能自动移除客户端已注册的listener,,内部已自动实现了线程同步,beginBroadcast()必须与 finishBroadcast()方法配对使用
对客户端的改造:
将服务端的AIDL包复制到客户端的对应位置下,创建一个监听器对象在绑定服务端成功后注册,在onDestory方法中解除注册。
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
UnbindAidlService(null);
super.onDestroy();
}
private IMyAidlInterface mService_face;
private static final String TAG = "Main_Client";
ServiceConnection mConnection = new ServiceConnection() {
@Override
public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {
Log.e(TAG, "onServiceConnected: ");
mService_face = IMyAidlInterface.Stub.asInterface(service);
try {
service.linkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);//客户端远程绑定服务成功后,给binder设置死亡代理,当服务端的binder对象死亡时系统回调mDeathRecipient.binderDied()方法,service.isBinderAlive();//可以判断服务端的Binder是否死亡
mService_face.registerListener(mIOnNewBookArrivedListener);//2、绑定成功后注册通知的监听器。
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
@Override
public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {
Log.e(TAG, "onServiceDisconnected: ");
}
};
private IBinder.DeathRecipient mDeathRecipient = new IBinder.DeathRecipient() {
@Override
public void binderDied() {
//当Binder死亡时,系统会回调该方法,在此移除之前绑定的Binder代理并重新绑定远程服务
if (mService_face == null) return;
mService_face.asBinder().unlinkToDeath(mDeathRecipient, 0);
mService_face = null;
Log.e(TAG, "binderDied: Binder死亡时,移除之前绑定的Binder代理并重新绑定远程服务");
bindAidlService(null);
}
};
//1、创建一个监听器用于服务端添加新书时的通知。
private IOnNewBookArrivedListener mIOnNewBookArrivedListener=new IOnNewBookArrivedListener.Stub(){
@Override
public void onNewBookArrived(Book newBook) throws RemoteException {
Log.e(TAG, "onNewBookArrived: 收到了服务端更新的通知,newbook="+newBook );
}
};
public void bindAidlService(View view) {
Intent intent_service = new Intent();
intent_service.setPackage("com.ljp.aidl_server"); //设置需要绑定的服务端的包名,不是服务端Service的包名
intent_service.setAction("server.aidl.service.action");//设置你所需调用服务的意图
boolean successful = bindService(intent_service, mConnection, BIND_AUTO_CREATE);
Log.e(TAG, "bindAidlService: successful=" + successful);
}
public void UnbindAidlService(View view) {
//3、客户端销毁时解除注册在服务端的监听器
if (mService_face!=null&&mService_face.asBinder().isBinderAlive()){
try {
mService_face.unregisterListener(mIOnNewBookArrivedListener);//解除在服务端的注册
} catch (RemoteException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
if (mConnection != null) {
unbindService(mConnection);
Log.e(TAG, "UnbindAidlService: ");
}
}
测试结果:
12-01 10:59:12.689 4143-4143/com.ljp.aidl_client E/aidlLog: bindAidlService: successful=true
12-01 10:59:12.719 4143-4143/com.ljp.aidl_client E/aidlLog: onServiceConnected:
12-01 10:59:12.719 4352-4364/com.ljp.aidl_server:remote E/aidlLog: registerListener: 已经注册Size=1
12-01 10:59:16.249 4352-4363/com.ljp.aidl_server:remote E/aidlLog: addBookNotify: 通知所有的监听器,size= 1
12-01 10:59:16.249 4143-4143/com.ljp.aidl_client E/aidlLog: onNewBookArrived: 收到了服务端更新的通知,newbook=Book{id=0, name='book0', price=30.5}
12-01 10:59:16.249 4143-4143/com.ljp.aidl_client E/aidlLog: addBook_AidlService:
12-01 10:59:17.709 4352-5093/com.ljp.aidl_server:remote E/aidlLog: addBookNotify: 通知所有的监听器,size= 1
12-01 10:59:17.709 4143-4158/com.ljp.aidl_client E/aidlLog: onNewBookArrived: 收到了服务端更新的通知,newbook=Book{id=4, name='new book #4', price=6.0}
12-01 10:59:22.699 4352-5093/com.ljp.aidl_server:remote E/aidlLog: addBookNotify: 通知所有的监听器,size= 1
12-01 10:59:22.709 4143-4157/com.ljp.aidl_client E/aidlLog: onNewBookArrived: 收到了服务端更新的通知,newbook=Book{id=5, name='new book #5', price=7.5}
12-01 10:59:24.879 4352-4364/com.ljp.aidl_server:remote E/aidlLog: unregisterListener: 现注册的Size=0
12-01 10:59:24.879 4143-4143/com.ljp.aidl_client E/aidlLog: UnbindAidlService:
12-01 10:59:27.709 4352-5093/com.ljp.aidl_server:remote E/aidlLog: addBookNotify: 通知所有的监听器,size= 0
我的CSDN博客地址:http://blog.csdn.net/wo_ha/article/details/78684695