在项目开发过程中,经常要自定义Model,然后在请求服务器得到数据后(一般是Json数据),用字典取值的方式给自定义的Model赋值,封装成数据对象。这样做有几个问题:
- 服务器更新字段(或者添加字段)后,客户端要在每个Model初始化的地方修改(或者添加)取值字段,过程繁琐。
- 实现这些自定义的Model对象序列化保存到本地,需要自己一个一个实现,在字段添加或者修改的时候也要一个一个更改,过程繁琐。
- 自定义的Model没办法Copy,除非你实现<copying>协议,没办法反序列化成Json。
庆幸的是,伟大的github
工程师们在OC
平台上提供了一个设计优化、高度统一的框架Mantle
来解决这些问题。
Mantle为我们带来的:
- 实现了
NSCopying protocol
,子类终于可以直接copy了 - 实现了
NSCoding protocol
,可以通过NSKeyedArchiver
保存到本地了。(NSUserDefaults
的替换选择) - 提供了
-isEqual
:和-hash
的默认实现,model作NSDictionary的key方便了许多 - 能在Model 和 Json 元数据之间相互转换
Model的基本用法
自定义的Model
自定义的Model都需要集成自MTLModel
,并且实现MTLJSONSerializing
协议,例如下面的:
typedef enum : NSUInteger {
GHIssueStateOpen,
GHIssueStateClosed
} GHIssueState;
@interface GHIssue : MTLModel <MTLJSONSerializing>
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSURL *URL;
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSURL *HTMLURL;
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSNumber *number;
@property (nonatomic, assign, readonly) GHIssueState state;
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSString *reporterLogin;
@property (nonatomic, strong, readonly) GHUser *assignee;
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSDate *updatedAt;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *title;
@property (nonatomic, copy) NSString *body;
@property (nonatomic, copy, readonly) NSDate *retrievedAt;
@end
m 文件如下
@implementation GHIssue
+ (NSDateFormatter *)dateFormatter {
NSDateFormatter *dateFormatter = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
dateFormatter.locale = [[NSLocale alloc] initWithLocaleIdentifier:@"en_US_POSIX"];
dateFormatter.dateFormat = @"yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss'Z'";
return dateFormatter;
}
+ (NSDictionary *)JSONKeyPathsByPropertyKey {
return @{
@"URL": @"url",
@"HTMLURL": @"html_url",
@"reporterLogin": @"user.login",
@"assignee": @"assignee",
@"updatedAt": @"updated_at"
};
}
+ (NSValueTransformer *)URLJSONTransformer {
return [NSValueTransformer valueTransformerForName:MTLURLValueTransformerName];
}
+ (NSValueTransformer *)HTMLURLJSONTransformer {
return [NSValueTransformer valueTransformerForName:MTLURLValueTransformerName];
}
+ (NSValueTransformer *)stateJSONTransformer {
return [NSValueTransformer mtl_valueMappingTransformerWithDictionary:@{
@"open": @(GHIssueStateOpen),
@"closed": @(GHIssueStateClosed)
}];
}
+ (NSValueTransformer *)assigneeJSONTransformer {
return [NSValueTransformer mtl_JSONDictionaryTransformerWithModelClass:GHUser.class];
}
+ (NSValueTransformer *)updatedAtJSONTransformer {
return [MTLValueTransformer reversibleTransformerWithForwardBlock:^(NSString *str) {
return [self.dateFormatter dateFromString:str];
} reverseBlock:^(NSDate *date) {
return [self.dateFormatter stringFromDate:date];
}];
}
- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionaryValue error:(NSError **)error {
self = [super initWithDictionary:dictionaryValue error:error];
if (self == nil) return nil;
// Store a value that needs to be determined locally upon initialization.
_retrievedAt = [NSDate date];
return self;
}
@end
MTLJSONSerializing
继承自MTLModel
并实现了MTLJSONSerializing
协议的对象可以这样转换
从字典数据(JSONDictionary表示字典元数据)到 Model:
NSError *error = nil;
XYUser *user = [MTLJSONAdapter modelOfClass:XYUser.class fromJSONDictionary:JSONDictionary error:&error];
从Model到JSONDictionary数据
NSDictionary *JSONDictionary = [MTLJSONAdapter JSONDictionaryFromModel:user];
+ (NSDictionary *)JSONKeyPathsByPropertyKey;
用法如下:
@interface XYUser : MTLModel
@property (readonly, nonatomic, copy) NSString *name;
@property (readonly, nonatomic, strong) NSDate *createdAt;
@property (readonly, nonatomic, assign, getter = isMeUser) BOOL meUser;
@property (readonly, nonatomic, strong) XYHelper *helper;
@end
@implementation XYUser
+ (NSDictionary *)JSONKeyPathsByPropertyKey {
return @{
@"createdAt": @"created_at",
@"meUser": NSNull.null
};
}
- (instancetype)initWithDictionary:(NSDictionary *)dictionaryValue error:(NSError **)error {
self = [super initWithDictionary:dictionaryValue error:error];
if (self == nil) return nil;
_helper = [XYHelper helperWithName:self.name createdAt:self.createdAt];
return self;
}
@end
返回的字典用来指定该Model的属性从字典里面怎么取值,比如createdAt
是从字典里面取created_at
字段,指定@"meUser": NSNull.null
表示不从字典里面取值,没有在上面列出的Model属性取和属性同名的字典字段(比如name
就从字典里面取name
字段)。
+JSONTransformerForKey: 用法
+ (NSValueTransformer *)JSONTransformerForKey:(NSString *)key {
if ([key isEqualToString:@"createdAt"]) {
return [NSValueTransformer valueTransformerForName:XYDateValueTransformerName];
}
return nil;
}
实现上面的方法,用来指定属性从字典数据里面取出来的是什么类型的数据。比如上面createdAt
属性从字典里面取值后会自动转换为Date
类型。
如果有很多类型需要指定取值类型,那岂不有很多if,这太不优雅了!Mantle
提供了更优雅的方法:实现类似+<key>JSONTransformer
的方法,来指定某个属性从字典里面取值后的类型(或怎么取值):
+ (NSValueTransformer *)createdAtJSONTransformer {
return [MTLValueTransformer reversibleTransformerWithForwardBlock:^(NSString *str) {
return [self.dateFormatter dateFromString:str];
} reverseBlock:^(NSDate *date) {
return [self.dateFormatter stringFromDate:date];
}];
}
+classForParsingJSONDictionary: 用法
当你自定义了一组Model,实现+classForParsingJSONDictionary:
方法可以指定在转换deserializing
字典的时候,用那个Model class
@interface XYMessage : MTLModel
@end
@interface XYTextMessage: XYMessage
@property (readonly, nonatomic, copy) NSString *body;
@end
@interface XYPictureMessage : XYMessage
@property (readonly, nonatomic, strong) NSURL *imageURL;
@end
@implementation XYMessage
+ (Class)classForParsingJSONDictionary:(NSDictionary *)JSONDictionary {
if (JSONDictionary[@"image_url"] != nil) {
return XYPictureMessage.class;
}
if (JSONDictionary[@"body"] != nil) {
return XYTextMessage.class;
}
NSAssert(NO, @"No matching class for the JSON dictionary '%@'.", JSONDictionary);
return self;
}
@end
MTLJSONAdapter
会根据你传入的字典数据实例化合适的类。
NSDictionary *textMessage = @{
@"id": @1,
@"body": @"Hello World!"
};
NSDictionary *pictureMessage = @{
@"id": @2,
@"image_url": @"http://example.com/lolcat.gif"
};
XYTextMessage *messageA = [MTLJSONAdapter modelOfClass:XYMessage.class fromJSONDictionary:textMessage error:NULL];
XYPictureMessage *messageB = [MTLJSONAdapter modelOfClass:XYMessage.class fromJSONDictionary:pictureMessage error:NULL];
Mantle
代码托管在:https://github.com/Mantle/Mantle
唱吧6.0版本使用Mantle
后,据说:crash率比之前的版本有显示的降低,并且Mantle相关的crash占总crash的比率不到3%
,点这里查看更多关于唱吧使用Mantle
后的总结
本文在:http://wangyangyang.gitcafe.com/2014/11/04/用Mantle构建Model层/上面也有发表