强大的jupyter，python开发者的福音

jupyter是一种交互式计算和开发环境的笔记，ipython命令行比原生的python命令行更加友好和高效，还可以运行web版的界面，支持多语言，输出图形和excel等功能。

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一、安装

<pre style=”-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;”>pip3 install –upgrade pip
pip3 install jupyter
</pre>

二、使用命令行

进入命令界面

<pre style=”-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;”>ipython
</pre>

强大的jupyter，python开发者的福音

ipython强大功能介绍

1.tab键补全功能

强大的jupyter，python开发者的福音

2.快速查看文档，函数名+问号?可以查看文档，类似原生python的help函数

强大的jupyter，python开发者的福音

3.运行shell命令

感叹号!+shell直接运行shell命令，如!pwd

强大的jupyter，python开发者的福音

4.运行python文件

<pre style=”-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;”>%run python文件路径
</pre>

5.强大的魔术方法

例如，查看函数的运行时间

<pre style=”-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;”>%time a = np.arange(1000)
</pre>

强大的jupyter，python开发者的福音

列出所有的魔术命令

<pre style=”-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;”>%lsmagic
</pre>

常用魔术方法介绍

<pre style=”-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;”>%quickref 显示IPython的快速参考
%magic 显示所有魔术命令的详细文档
%debug 从最新的异常跟踪的底部进入交互式调试器
%hist 打印命令的输入（可选输出）历史
%pdb 在异常发生后自动进入调试器
%paste 执行剪贴板中的Python代码
%cpaste 打开一个特殊提示符以便手工粘贴待执行的Python代码
%reset 删除interactive命名空间中的全部变量/名称
%page OBJECT 通过分页器打印输出OBJECT
%run script.py 在IPython中执行一个Python脚本文件
%prun statement 通过cProfile执行statement，并打印分析器的输出结果
%time statement 报告statement的执行时间
%timeit statement 多次执行statement以计算系综平均执行时间。对那些执行时 间非常小的代码很有用
%who、%who_ls、%whos 显示interactive命名空间中定义的变量，信息级别/冗余度可变
%xdel variable 删除variable，并尝试清除其在IPython中的对象上的一切引用
</pre>

三、运行web版的ipython

<pre style=”-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;”>jupyter notebook
</pre>

或

<pre style=”-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;”>ipython notebook
</pre>

运行界面如下，如果8888端口没有占用，会自动打开http://localhost:8888/tree

强大的jupyter，python开发者的福音

命令行有的网页版都有，命令行没有的网页版也有，例如

多语言的代码显示，如markdown、Go、Java、Nginx、MySQL啥的

支持终端，在线直接使用命令行

支持直接操作文件

渲染媒体文件，如图片、视频、音乐

网页版强大功能简单介绍

1.渲染图片、音乐、视频

渲染图片示例

<pre style=”-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;”>from IPython.display import Image
Image(filename=”/Users/chenqionghe/Downloads/light-weight.jpg”)
</pre>

强大的jupyter，python开发者的福音

2.直接显示绘制的图形

直接在网页显示绘制的图形，命令行就达不到这样的效果了，爽！

<pre style=”-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;”>import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
x = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])
y = np.array([3,5,7,6,2,6,10,15])
plt.plot(x,y,’r’)# 折线 1 x 2 y 3 color
plt.plot(x,y,’g’,lw=10)# 4 line w

折线 饼状 柱状

x = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8])
y = np.array([13,25,17,36,21,16,10,15])
plt.bar(x,y,0.2,alpha=1,color=’b’)# 5 color 4 透明度 3 0.9
plt.show()
</pre>

强大的jupyter，python开发者的福音

3.载入代码

<pre style=”-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;”>%load /Users/chenqionghe/test.py
</pre>

强大的jupyter，python开发者的福音

4.常用快捷键

<pre style=”-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: Consolas, Menlo, Courier, monospace; font-size: 16px; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative; line-height: 1.5; color: rgb(153, 153, 153); margin: 1em 0px; padding: 12px 10px; background: rgb(244, 245, 246); border: 1px solid rgb(232, 232, 232); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;”>执行当前cell，并自动跳到下一个cell：Shift Enter
执行当前cell，执行后不自动调转到下一个cell：Ctrl-Enter
为一行或者多行添加/取消注释：Crtl /
打开帮助，Ctrl+Shirt+P
</pre>

界面这东西小伙伴们可以自己去点使用一下，很简单就上手了，绝对python开发者的福音，high起来吧~