Mysql-数据恢复

要求实现:当前mysql数据库恢复到指定时间时的数据。
前提:一:有基础备份 二:log-bin=mysql-bin 开启
模拟场景:

  1. 对当前数据库test做备份 -假设时间为2016年9月29日00点
  2. 10月2日对test库做过了增删改查等操作
  3. 10月3日对test库做过了增删改查等操作-但是这里有操作失误
  4. 10月4日对test库做过了增删改查等操作
  5. 先要求对数据做恢复-不要10月3日做过所有操作
    保留10月2日和10月4日操作
    已有日志
mysql-bin.000037--10月4日
mysql-bin.000036--10月3日
mysql-bin.000035--10月2日
mysql-bin.000034--9月29日
mysql-bin.000033--9月28日
mysql-bin.000032--9月27日
  1. 导入备份前数据
    导入9月29日备份数据
  2. 将数据恢复到10月2日
mysqlbinlog /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000035 | mysql -uroot -p123456
  1. 将数据恢复到10月4日
mysqlbinlog  /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000037 | mysql -uroot -p123456

这个最简洁的,当mysql-bin文件分的很清楚时。
但当mysql-bin文件很大-如10月2日-10月40日的数据都在一个文件中,就需要根据时间来恢复。

  1. 指定恢复的时间段
mysqlbinlog   --start-datetime="2016-10-2 00:00:00" --stop-datetime="2016-10-2 23:59:59" /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001 | mysql
mysqlbinlog   --start-datetime="2016-10-4 00:00:00" --stop-datetime="2016-10-4 23:59:59" /var/lib/mysql/mysql-bin.000001 | mysql
  1. 根据数据点来恢复
    这里有个疑问-如何知道数据错误时间的同步点呢?
    show binlog events;
    这个命令可以查到,如果数据量多的话,感觉也不怎么可行呀,还是按时间点靠谱点。

  2. 在错误之后的数据备份上 恢复是否靠谱?
    有之前的增量文件,但是数据备份却是在错误之后基础上备份的,
    不知道能不能恢复,这个有待测试。

mysqlbinlog --help
mysqlbinlog Ver 3.4 for Linux at x86_64
Copyright (c) 2000, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Dumps a MySQL binary log in a format usable for viewing or for piping to
the mysql command line client.

Usage: mysqlbinlog [options] log-files
  -?, --help          Display this help and exit.
  --base64-output=name 
                      Determine when the output statements should be
                      base64-encoded BINLOG statements: 'never' disables it and
                      works only for binlogs without row-based events;
                      'decode-rows' decodes row events into commented
                      pseudo-SQL statements if the --verbose option is also
                      given; 'auto' prints base64 only when necessary (i.e.,
                      for row-based events and format description events).  If
                      no --base64-output[=name] option is given at all, the
                      default is 'auto'.
  --bind-address=name IP address to bind to.
  --character-sets-dir=name 
                      Directory for character set files.
  -d, --database=name List entries for just this database (local log only).
  --debug-check       Check memory and open file usage at exit .
  --debug-info        Print some debug info at exit.
  --default-auth=name Default authentication client-side plugin to use.
  -D, --disable-log-bin 
                      Disable binary log. This is useful, if you enabled
                      --to-last-log and are sending the output to the same
                      MySQL server. This way you could avoid an endless loop.
                      You would also like to use it when restoring after a
                      crash to avoid duplication of the statements you already
                      have. NOTE: you will need a SUPER privilege to use this
                      option.
  -F, --force-if-open Force if binlog was not closed properly.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-force-if-open to disable.)
  -f, --force-read    Force reading unknown binlog events.
  -H, --hexdump       Augment output with hexadecimal and ASCII event dump.
  -h, --host=name     Get the binlog from server.
  -l, --local-load=name 
                      Prepare local temporary files for LOAD DATA INFILE in the
                      specified directory.
  -o, --offset=#      Skip the first N entries.
  -p, --password[=name] 
                      Password to connect to remote server.
  --plugin-dir=name   Directory for client-side plugins.
  -P, --port=#        Port number to use for connection or 0 for default to, in
                      order of preference, my.cnf, $MYSQL_TCP_PORT,
                      /etc/services, built-in default (3306).
  --protocol=name     The protocol to use for connection (tcp, socket, pipe,
                      memory).
  -R, --read-from-remote-server 
                      Read binary logs from a MySQL server. This is an alias
                      for read-from-remote-master=BINLOG-DUMP-NON-GTIDS.
  --read-from-remote-master=name 
                      Read binary logs from a MySQL server through the
                      COM_BINLOG_DUMP or COM_BINLOG_DUMP_GTID commands by
                      setting the option to either BINLOG-DUMP-NON-GTIDS or
                      BINLOG-DUMP-GTIDS, respectively. If
                      --read-from-remote-master=BINLOG-DUMP-GTIDS is combined
                      with --exclude-gtids, transactions can be filtered out on
                      the master avoiding unnecessary network traffic.
  --raw               Requires -R. Output raw binlog data instead of SQL
                      statements, output is to log files.
  -r, --result-file=name 
                      Direct output to a given file. With --raw this is a
                      prefix for the file names.
  --secure-auth       Refuse client connecting to server if it uses old
                      (pre-4.1.1) protocol.
                      (Defaults to on; use --skip-secure-auth to disable.)
  --server-id=#       Extract only binlog entries created by the server having
                      the given id.
  --server-id-bits=#  Set number of significant bits in server-id
  --set-charset=name  Add 'SET NAMES character_set' to the output.
  -s, --short-form    Just show regular queries: no extra info and no row-based
                      events. This is for testing only, and should not be used
                      in production systems. If you want to suppress
                      base64-output, consider using --base64-output=never
                      instead.
  -S, --socket=name   The socket file to use for connection.
  --start-datetime=name 
                      Start reading the binlog at first event having a datetime
                      equal or posterior to the argument; the argument must be
                      a date and time in the local time zone, in any format
                      accepted by the MySQL server for DATETIME and TIMESTAMP
                      types, for example: 2004-12-25 11:25:56 (you should
                      probably use quotes for your shell to set it properly).
  -j, --start-position=# 
                      Start reading the binlog at position N. Applies to the
                      first binlog passed on the command line.
  --stop-datetime=name 
                      Stop reading the binlog at first event having a datetime
                      equal or posterior to the argument; the argument must be
                      a date and time in the local time zone, in any format
                      accepted by the MySQL server for DATETIME and TIMESTAMP
                      types, for example: 2004-12-25 11:25:56 (you should
                      probably use quotes for your shell to set it properly).
  --stop-never        Wait for more data from the server instead of stopping at
                      the end of the last log. Implicitly sets --to-last-log
                      but instead of stopping at the end of the last log it
                      continues to wait till the server disconnects.
  --stop-never-slave-server-id=# 
                      The slave server_id used for --read-from-remote-server
                      --stop-never.
  --stop-position=#   Stop reading the binlog at position N. Applies to the
                      last binlog passed on the command line.
  -t, --to-last-log   Requires -R. Will not stop at the end of the requested
                      binlog but rather continue printing until the end of the
                      last binlog of the MySQL server. If you send the output
                      to the same MySQL server, that may lead to an endless
                      loop.
  -u, --user=name     Connect to the remote server as username.
  -v, --verbose       Reconstruct pseudo-SQL statements out of row events. -v
                      -v adds comments on column data types.
  -V, --version       Print version and exit.
  --open-files-limit=# 
                      Used to reserve file descriptors for use by this program.
  -c, --verify-binlog-checksum 
                      Verify checksum binlog events.
  --binlog-row-event-max-size=# 
                      The maximum size of a row-based binary log event in
                      bytes. Rows will be grouped into events smaller than this
                      size if possible. This value must be a multiple of 256.
  --skip-gtids        Do not print Global Transaction Identifier information
                      (SET GTID_NEXT=... etc).
  --include-gtids=name 
                      Print events whose Global Transaction Identifiers were
                      provided.
  --exclude-gtids=name 
                      Print all events but those whose Global Transaction
                      Identifiers were provided.

Variables (--variable-name=value)
and boolean options {FALSE|TRUE}  Value (after reading options)
--------------------------------- ----------------------------------------
base64-output                     (No default value)
bind-address                      (No default value)
character-sets-dir                (No default value)
database                          (No default value)
debug-check                       FALSE
debug-info                        FALSE
default-auth                      (No default value)
disable-log-bin                   FALSE
force-if-open                     TRUE
force-read                        FALSE
hexdump                           FALSE
host                              (No default value)
local-load                        (No default value)
offset                            0
plugin-dir                        (No default value)
port                              0
read-from-remote-server           FALSE
read-from-remote-master           (No default value)
raw                               FALSE
result-file                       (No default value)
secure-auth                       TRUE
server-id                         0
server-id-bits                    32
set-charset                       (No default value)
short-form                        FALSE
socket                            (No default value)
start-datetime                    (No default value)
start-position                    4
stop-datetime                     (No default value)
stop-never                        FALSE
stop-never-slave-server-id        -1
stop-position                     18446744073709551615
to-last-log                       FALSE
user                              (No default value)
open-files-limit                  64
verify-binlog-checksum            FALSE
binlog-row-event-max-size         4294967040
skip-gtids                        FALSE
include-gtids                     (No default value)
exclude-gtids                     (No default value)
    原文作者:灼灼2015
    原文地址: https://www.jianshu.com/p/cc5498e89b1b
    本文转自网络文章,转载此文章仅为分享知识,如有侵权,请联系博主进行删除。
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