从上篇博客中，我们知道了Zygote进程启动了SyetemServer进程，本篇博客我们就一起来学习SyetemServer进程。
SystemServer的作用
整个系统的android framework进程启动流程如下：
init进程 –> Zygote进程 –> SystemServer进程 –>各种应用进程SystemServer进程主要的作用是启动各种系统服务，比如ActivityManagerService，PackageManagerService，WindowManagerService等服务，我们平时熟知的各种系统性的服务其实都是在SystemServer进程中启动的，而当我们的应用需要使用各种系统服务的时候其实也是通过与SystemServer进程通讯获取各种服务对象的句柄的进而执行相应的操作的。
SyetemServer进程启动流程
之前我们曾经说过，在ZygoteInit.Java的startSystemServer函数中启动了SyetemServer进程
frameworks/base/core/java/com/Android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
private static boolean startSystemServer(String abiList, String socketName)
throws MethodAndArgsCaller, RuntimeException {
...
if (pid == 0) {
if (hasSecondZygote(abiList)) {
waitForSecondaryZygote(socketName);
}
handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
}
return true;
}在startSystemServer函数中调用handleSystemServerProcess来启动SyetemServer进程。
handleSystemServerProcess
private static void handleSystemServerProcess(
ZygoteConnection.Arguments parsedArgs)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
closeServerSocket();//1
...
if (parsedArgs.invokeWith != null) {
...
} else {
ClassLoader cl = null;
if (systemServerClasspath != null) {
cl = createSystemServerClassLoader(systemServerClasspath,
parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion);
Thread.currentThread().setContextClassLoader(cl);
}
RuntimeInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.targetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.remainingArgs, cl);//2
}
}SyetemServer进程是复制了Zygote进程的地址空间，因此也会得到Zygote进程创建的Socket，这个Socket对于SyetemServer进程没有用处，因此，需要注释1处的代码来关闭该Socket。在注释2处调用RuntimeInit的zygoteInit函数
frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java
public static final void zygoteInit(int targetSdkVersion, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
if (DEBUG) Slog.d(TAG, "RuntimeInit: Starting application from zygote");
Trace.traceBegin(Trace.TRACE_TAG_ACTIVITY_MANAGER, "RuntimeInit");
redirectLogStreams();
commonInit();
nativeZygoteInit();//1
applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, argv, classLoader);//2
}注释1处调用nativeZygoteInit函数，所以又调用了Native层的代码，从java代码又切换进native代码
启动Binder线程池
查看nativeZygoteInit函数对用的JNI文件
frameworks/base/core/jni/AndroidRuntime.cpp
static const JNINativeMethod gMethods[] = {
{ "nativeFinishInit", "()V",
(void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeFinishInit },
{ "nativeZygoteInit", "()V",
(void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit },
{ "nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup", "(Z)V",
(void*) com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeSetExitWithoutCleanup },
};通过JNI的gMethods数组，可以看出nativeZygoteInit函数对应的是JNI文件AndroidRuntime.cpp的com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit函数：
...
static AndroidRuntime* gCurRuntime = NULL;
...
static void com_android_internal_os_RuntimeInit_nativeZygoteInit(JNIEnv* env, jobject clazz)
{
gCurRuntime->onZygoteInit();
}这里gCurRuntime是AndroidRuntime类型的指针，AndroidRuntime的子类AppRuntime在app_main.cpp中定义
virtual void onZygoteInit()
{
sp<ProcessState> proc = ProcessState::self();
ALOGV("App process: starting thread pool.\n");
proc->startThreadPool();//1
}注释1处的代码用来启动一个Binder线程池，这样SyetemServer进程就可以使用Binder来与其他进程进行通信了。综合上述，可以看出RuntimeInit.java的nativeZygoteInit函数主要做的就是启动Binder线程池。
applicationInit
回到RuntimeInit.java的代码，在注释2处调用了applicationInit函数
frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/RuntimeInit.java
applicationInit函数中主要调用了invokeStaticMain函数：
private static void invokeStaticMain(String className, String[] argv, ClassLoader classLoader)
throws ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller {
Class<?> cl;
try {
cl = Class.forName(className, true, classLoader);//1
} catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Missing class when invoking static main " + className,
ex);
}
Method m;
try {
m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });//2
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Missing static main on " + className, ex);
} catch (SecurityException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Problem getting static main on " + className, ex);
}
int modifiers = m.getModifiers();
if (! (Modifier.isStatic(modifiers) && Modifier.isPublic(modifiers))) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Main method is not public and static on " + className);
}
throw new ZygoteInit.MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);//3
}注释1处className为“com.android.server.SystemServer”，因此通过反射返回的cl为SystemServer类。注释2处找到SystemServer中的main函数。在注释3处将找到的main函数传入到MethodAndArgsCaller异常中并抛出该异常。截获MethodAndArgsCaller异常的代码在ZygoteInit.java的main函数中
frameworks/base/core/java/com/android/internal/os/ZygoteInit.java
public static void main(String argv[]) {
...
closeServerSocket();
} catch (MethodAndArgsCaller caller) {
caller.run();//1
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
Log.e(TAG, "Zygote died with exception", ex);
closeServerSocket();
throw ex;
}
}在注释1处调用了MethodAndArgsCaller的run函数：
public void run() {
try {
mMethod.invoke(null, new Object[] { mArgs });
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
...
}
}这里mMethod指的就是SystemServer的main函数，因此main函数被动态调用。
SyetemServer进程分析
SystemServer函数的入口同样是main函数：
frameworks/base/services/java/com/android/server/SystemServer.java
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SystemServer().run();
}其中只是new出一个SystemServer对象并执行其run方法，查看SystemServer类的定义我们知道其实final类型的，所以我们不能重写或者继承SystemServer。
private void run() {
...
if (System.currentTimeMillis() < EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME) {
Slog.w(TAG, "System clock is before 1970; setting to 1970.");
SystemClock.setCurrentTimeMillis(EARLIEST_SUPPORTED_TIME);
}
...
if (!SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.language").isEmpty()) {//1
final String languageTag = Locale.getDefault().toLanguageTag();
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.locale", languageTag);
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.language", "");
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.country", "");
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.localevar", "");
}
// Here we go!
Slog.i(TAG, "Entered the Android system server!");
EventLog.writeEvent(EventLogTags.BOOT_PROGRESS_SYSTEM_RUN, SystemClock.uptimeMillis());
...
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.dalvik.vm.lib.2", VMRuntime.getRuntime().vmLibrary());
// Enable the sampling profiler.
if (SamplingProfilerIntegration.isEnabled()) {
SamplingProfilerIntegration.start();
mProfilerSnapshotTimer = new Timer();
mProfilerSnapshotTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
@Override
public void run() {
SamplingProfilerIntegration.writeSnapshot("system_server", null);
}
}, SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL, SNAPSHOT_INTERVAL);
}
// Mmmmmm... more memory!
VMRuntime.getRuntime().clearGrowthLimit();
// The system server has to run all of the time, so it needs to be
// as efficient as possible with its memory usage.
VMRuntime.getRuntime().setTargetHeapUtilization(0.8f);
// Some devices rely on runtime fingerprint generation, so make sure
// we've defined it before booting further.
Build.ensureFingerprintProperty();
// Within the system server, it is an error to access Environment paths without
// explicitly specifying a user.
Environment.setUserRequired(true);
// Ensure binder calls into the system always run at foreground priority.
BinderInternal.disableBackgroundScheduling(true);
// Prepare the main looper thread (this thread).
android.os.Process.setThreadPriority(
android.os.Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_FOREGROUND);
android.os.Process.setCanSelfBackground(false);
Looper.prepareMainLooper();
// Initialize native services.
System.loadLibrary("android_servers");//2
// Check whether we failed to shut down last time we tried.
// This call may not return.
performPendingShutdown();
// Initialize the system context.
createSystemContext();//3
// Create the system service manager.
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);//4
LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
// Start services.
try {
startBootstrapServices();//5
startCoreServices();//6
startOtherServices();//7
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
throw ex;
}
// For debug builds, log event loop stalls to dropbox for analysis.
if (StrictMode.conditionallyEnableDebugLogging()) {
Slog.i(TAG, "Enabled StrictMode for system server main thread.");
}
// Loop forever.
Looper.loop();
throw new RuntimeException("Main thread loop unexpectedly exited");
}1.设置系统的语言环境等属性
if (!SystemProperties.get("persist.sys.language").isEmpty()) {
final String languageTag = Locale.getDefault().toLanguageTag();
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.locale", languageTag);
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.language", "");
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.country", "");
SystemProperties.set("persist.sys.localevar", "");
}2.加载libandroid_servers.so库
3.createSystemContext()
private void createSystemContext() {
ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.systemMain();
mSystemContext = activityThread.getSystemContext();
mSystemContext.setTheme(android.R.style.Theme_DeviceDefault_Light_DarkActionBar);
}可以看到在SystemServer进程中也存在着Context对象，并且是通过ActivityThread.systemMain方法创建context的，这一部分的逻辑以后会通过介绍Activity的启动流程来介绍，这里就不在扩展，这里我们只知道在SystemServer进程中也需要创建Context对象。
4.创建SystemServiceManager
创建SystemServiceManager，它会对系统的服务进行创建、启动和生命周期管理
然后调用：
LocalServices.addService(SystemServiceManager.class, mSystemServiceManager);
将SystemServiceManager对象保存SystemServer进程中的一个数据结构中。
Start services
创建SystemServiceManager后，会执行以下逻辑
// Start services.
try {
startBootstrapServices();
startCoreServices();
startOtherServices();
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
throw ex;
}里面主要涉及了是三个方法：
startBootstrapServices() 主要用于启动系统Boot级服务
startCoreServices() 主要用于启动系统核心的服务
startOtherServices() 主要用于启动一些非紧要或者是非需要及时启动的服务
5.startBootstrapServices方法
private void startBootstrapServices() {
Installer installer = mSystemServiceManager.startService(Installer.class);//1
// Activity manager runs the show.
mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();//2
mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);
mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(PowerManagerService.class);//3
// Now that the power manager has been started, let the activity manager
// initialize power management features.
mActivityManagerService.initPowerManagement();
// Manages LEDs and display backlight so we need it to bring up the display.
mSystemServiceManager.startService(LightsService.class);//4
// Display manager is needed to provide display metrics before package manager
// starts up.
mDisplayManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(DisplayManagerService.class);//5
// We need the default display before we can initialize the package manager.
mSystemServiceManager.startBootPhase(SystemService.PHASE_WAIT_FOR_DEFAULT_DISPLAY);
// Only run "core" apps if we're encrypting the device.
String cryptState = SystemProperties.get("vold.decrypt");
if (ENCRYPTING_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Detected encryption in progress - only parsing core apps");
mOnlyCore = true;
} else if (ENCRYPTED_STATE.equals(cryptState)) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Device encrypted - only parsing core apps");
mOnlyCore = true;
}
// Start the package manager.
Slog.i(TAG, "Package Manager");
mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer,
mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);//6
mFirstBoot = mPackageManagerService.isFirstBoot();
mPackageManager = mSystemContext.getPackageManager();
Slog.i(TAG, "User Service");
ServiceManager.addService(Context.USER_SERVICE, UserManagerService.getInstance());//7
// Initialize attribute cache used to cache resources from packages.
AttributeCache.init(mSystemContext);
// Set up the Application instance for the system process and get started.
mActivityManagerService.setSystemProcess();
// The sensor service needs access to package manager service, app ops
// service, and permissions service, therefore we start it after them.
startSensorService();
}注释1处执行了如下代码
Installer installer = mSystemServiceManager.startService(Installer.class);mSystemServiceManager是系统服务管理对象，在main方法中已经创建完成，这里我们看一下其startService方法的具体实现：
public <T extends SystemService> T startService(Class<T> serviceClass) {
final String name = serviceClass.getName();
Slog.i(TAG, "Starting " + name);
// Create the service.
if (!SystemService.class.isAssignableFrom(serviceClass)) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create " + name
+ ": service must extend " + SystemService.class.getName());
}
final T service;
try {
Constructor<T> constructor = serviceClass.getConstructor(Context.class);
service = constructor.newInstance(mContext);
} catch (InstantiationException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name
+ ": service could not be instantiated", ex);
} catch (IllegalAccessException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name
+ ": service must have a public constructor with a Context argument", ex);
} catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name
+ ": service must have a public constructor with a Context argument", ex);
} catch (InvocationTargetException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create service " + name
+ ": service constructor threw an exception", ex);
}
// Register it.
mServices.add(service);
// Start it.
try {
service.onStart();
} catch (RuntimeException ex) {
throw new RuntimeException("Failed to start service " + name
+ ": onStart threw an exception", ex);
}
return service;
}通过反射器构造方法创建出服务类，然后添加到SystemServiceManager的服务列表数据中，最后调用了service.onStart()方法，因为我们传递的是Installer.class，我们这里我们查看一下Installer的onStart方法：
@Override
public void onStart() {
Slog.i(TAG, "Waiting for installd to be ready.");
mInstaller.waitForConnection();
}执行了mInstaller的waitForConnection方法，这里简单介绍一下Installer类，该类是系统安装apk时的一个服务类，继承SystemService（系统服务的一个抽象接口），我们需要在启动完成Installer服务之后才能启动其他的系统服务。
然后查看waitForConnection（）方法：
public void waitForConnection() {
for (;;) {
if (execute("ping") >= 0) {
return;
}
Slog.w(TAG, "installd not ready");
SystemClock.sleep(1000);
}
}通过追踪代码可以发现，其在不断的通过ping命令连接Zygote进程（SystemServer和Zygote进程通过socket方式通讯，其他进程通过Binder方式通讯）；
结论：在开始执行启动服务之前总是会先尝试通过socket方式连接Zygote进程，在成功连接之后才会开始启动其他服务。
继续回到startBootstrapServices方法，注释2：
// Activity manager runs the show.
mActivityManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);启动ActivityManagerService服务，并为其设置SystemServiceManager和Installer。ActivityManagerService是系统中一个非常重要的服务，Activity，service，Broadcast，contentProvider都需要通过其余系统交互。
查看Lifecycle类的定义：
public static final class Lifecycle extends SystemService {
private final ActivityManagerService mService;
public Lifecycle(Context context) {
super(context);
mService = new ActivityManagerService(context);
}
@Override
public void onStart() {
mService.start();
}
public ActivityManagerService getService() {
return mService;
}
}可以发现Lifecycle是ActivityManagerService是的一个静态内部类，在其构造方法中会创建一个ActivityManagerService，通过刚刚对Installer服务的分析我们知道，SystemServiceManager的startService方法会调用服务的onStart()方法，而在Lifecycle类的定义中我们看到其onStart（）方法直接调用了mService.start()方法，mService是Lifecycle类中对ActivityManagerService的引用，所以我们可以看一下ActivityManagerService的start方法的实现：
private void start() {
Process.removeAllProcessGroups();
mProcessCpuThread.start();
mBatteryStatsService.publish(mContext);
mAppOpsService.publish(mContext);
Slog.d("AppOps", "AppOpsService published");
LocalServices.addService(ActivityManagerInternal.class, new LocalService());
}注释3处，启动PowerManagerService服务
mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(PowerManagerService.class);启动方式跟上面的ActivityManagerService服务相似都会调用其构造方法和onStart方法，PowerManagerService主要用于计算系统中和Power相关的计算，然后决策系统应该如何反应。同时协调Power如何与系统其它模块的交互，比如没有用户活动时，屏幕变暗等等。
注释4处，启动LightsService服务
mSystemServiceManager.startService(LightsService.class);主要是手机中关于闪光灯，LED等相关的服务；也是会调用LightsService的构造方法和onStart方法；
注释5处，启动DisplayManagerService服务
mDisplayManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(DisplayManagerService.class);主要是手机显示方面的服务；
注释6处，启动PackageManagerService
启动PackageManagerService，该服务也是android系统中一个比较重要的服务，包括多apk文件的安装，解析，删除，卸载等等操作
Slog.i(TAG, "Package Manager");
mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer,
mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);
mFirstBoot = mPackageManagerService.isFirstBoot();
mPackageManager = mSystemContext.getPackageManager();可以看到PackageManagerService服务的启动方式与其他服务的启动方式有一些区别，直接调用了PackageManagerService的静态main方法，这里我们看一下其main方法的具体实现：
public static PackageManagerService main(Context context, Installer installer,
boolean factoryTest, boolean onlyCore) {
PackageManagerService m = new PackageManagerService(context, installer,
factoryTest, onlyCore);
ServiceManager.addService("package", m);
return m;
}直接使用new的方式创建了一个PackageManagerService对象，并在其构造方法中初始化相关变量，最后调用了ServiceManager.addService方法，主要是通过Binder机制与JNI层交互
注释7处，启动UserManagerService和SensorService
至此startBootstrapServices方法执行完成。
6.startCoreServices() 方法
private void startCoreServices() {
// Tracks the battery level. Requires LightService.
mSystemServiceManager.startService(BatteryService.class);
// Tracks application usage stats.
mSystemServiceManager.startService(UsageStatsService.class);
mActivityManagerService.setUsageStatsManager(
LocalServices.getService(UsageStatsManagerInternal.class));
// Update after UsageStatsService is available, needed before performBootDexOpt.
mPackageManagerService.getUsageStatsIfNoPackageUsageInfo();
// Tracks whether the updatable WebView is in a ready state and watches for update installs.
mSystemServiceManager.startService(WebViewUpdateService.class);
}这里启动了BatteryService（电池相关服务），UsageStatsService，WebViewUpdateService服务等。
7.startOtherServices方法
startOtherServices方法，主要用于启动系统中其他的服务，CameraService、AlarmManagerService、VrManagerService等服务，代码很多，这里就不贴代码了，启动的流程和ActivityManagerService的流程类似，会调用服务的构造方法与onStart方法初始化变量。
总结SyetemServer启动流程
1.SystemServer进程是android中一个很重要的进程由Zygote进程启动；
2.SystemServer进程主要用于启动系统中的服务；
3.SystemServer进程启动服务的启动函数为main函数；
4.SystemServer在执行过程中首先会初始化一些系统变量，加载类库，创建Context对象，创建SystemServiceManager对象等之后才开始启动系统服务；
5.SystemServer进程将系统服务分为三类：boot服务，core服务和other服务，并逐步启动
6.SertemServer进程在尝试启动服务之前会首先尝试与Zygote建立socket通讯，只有通讯成功之后才会开始尝试启动服务；
7.创建的系统服务过程中主要通过SystemServiceManager对象来管理，通过调用服务对象的构造方法和onStart方法初始化服务的相关变量；
8.服务对象都有自己的异步消息对象，并运行在单独的线程中；
