Given an array of size n, find the majority element. The majority element is the element that appears more than [ n/2 ]
times.
You may assume that the array is non-empty and the majority element always exist in the array.
我自己的思路是很straightforward的用hashmap来做,key是数组元素,value是该元素出现的次数。最后遍历整个hashmap, 找到出现频率最高的那个就是要求的majority element. 因为题目说了这个majority element是肯定存在的,所以直接等价于找频率最高的那个元素是没有问题的。
时间复杂度:O(N)
空间复杂度:O(N)
class Solution {
public int majorityElement(int[] nums) {
HashMap<Integer, Integer> frequency = new HashMap<>();
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++){
if (!frequency.containsKey(nums[i])){
frequency.put(nums[i], 1);
} else {
frequency.put(nums[i], frequency.get(nums[i]) + 1);
}
}
int max = 0;
int maxNum = 0;
for (Integer integer : frequency.keySet()){
if (frequency.get(integer) > max){
max = frequency.get(integer);
maxNum = integer;
}
}
return maxNum;
}
}
这道题还有一种解法,可以达到O(N)的Time complexity, 以及O(1)的Auxiliary space, 即Moore’s Voting Algorithm。 先确定Majority element, 再检查该元素是不是真的是Majority element. 第一步确定Majority element的方法是,先设定majIndex = 0, count = 1, 然后依次遍历后面的元素,如果遇到等于nums[majIndex]的元素,count++;如果遇到不是count–.当count == 0的时候,我们更新majIndex为当前index i, 重设count == 1, 继续刚才的遍历。最后结束for循环后,我们便得到了一个majIndex.
第二部我们则检查nums[majIndex]是不是真的是Majority Element, 则只需要验证它出现的次数大于n / 2就可以了
class Solution {
public int majorityElement(int[] nums) {
int majIndex = 0;
int count = 1;
for (int i = 1; i < nums.length; i++){
if (nums[i] == nums[majIndex]){
count++;
} else {
count--;
}
if (count == 0){
majIndex = i;
count = 1;
}
}
if (isMajorityElement(nums, nums[majIndex])){
return nums[majIndex];
}
return -1;
}
private boolean isMajorityElement(int[] nums, int majorityElement){
int times = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < nums.length; i++){
if (nums[i] == majorityElement){
times++;
}
}
if (times >= nums.length / 2){
return true;
}
return false;
}
}