问题:
给定一个链表,请将其逆序。即如果链表原来为1->2->3->4->5->null,逆序后为5->4->3->2->1->null.
解法1:迭代算法
迭代算法效率较高,但是代码比递归算法略长。递归算法虽然代码量更少,但是难度也稍大,不细心容易写错。 迭代算法的思想就是遍历链表,改变链表节点next指向,遍历完成,链表逆序也就完成了。代码如下:
struct node {
int data;
struct node* next;
};
typedef struct node* pNode;
pNode reverse(pNode head)
{
pNode current = head;
pNode next = NULL, result = NULL;
while (current != NULL) {
next = current->next;
current->next = result;
result = current;
current = next;
}
return result;
}
如果不返回值,可以传递参数改为指针的指针,直接修改链表的头结点值(如果在C++中直接传递引用更方便),可以写出下面的代码:
void reverse2(struct node** headRef)
{
pNode current = *headRef;
pNode next = NULL, result = NULL;
while (current != NULL) {
next = current->next;
current->next = result;
result = current;
current = next;
}
*headRef = result;
}
解法2:递归算法
递归算法实现原理:假定原链表为1,2,3,4,则先逆序后面的2,3,4变为4,3,2,然后将节点1链接到已经逆序的4,3,2后面,形成4,3,2,1,完成整个链表的逆序。代码如下:
void reverseRecur(struct node** headRef)
{
if (*headRef == NULL) return;
pNode first, rest;
first = *headRef; //假定first={1,2,3,4}
rest = first->next; // rest={2,3,4}
if (rest == NULL) return;
reverseRecur(&rest); //rest逆序后变成{4,3,2}
first->next->next = first; //将第一个节点置于逆序后链表最后
first->next = NULL;
*headRef = rest; //更新头结点
}
如果使用C++的引用类型,代码会稍显简单点,代码如下:
void reverseRecur(pNode& p)
{
if (!p) return;
pNode rest = p->next;
if (!rest) return;
reverseRecur(rest);
p->next->next = p;
p->next = NULL;
p = rest;
}