python 设计模式(十) 装饰者模式(Decorator pattern)

大家知道,装饰器可以给对象动态地添加行为。装饰器的两大应用场景是:

1 权限验证

2 添加日志

当然装饰器能应用的场景要远多于2种,下面分别用代码实现权限验证和日志:

1 权限验证

from functools import wraps


def login_check(func):
    '''
    Decorator 
    check whether user is logged in 
    :param func: 
    :return: 
    '''
    @wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        if args[0].status != 'login':
            # raise Exception('please log in first')
            print('please log in first')
        else:
            return func(*args, **kwargs)

    return wrapper


class Visitor(object):

    def __init__(self, status):
        self.status = status

    # decorate this method
    @login_check
    def access_2_resources(self):
        print('start downloading')

if __name__ == '__main__':
    visitor = Visitor('login')
    visitor.access_2_resources()
    print('*'*100)
    visitor.status = 'not login'
    visitor.access_2_resources()

上述代码实现了login_check装饰器,装饰了access_2_resources方法,即调用这个方法的用户都必须进行登录验证代码结果如此

start downloading
****************************************************************************************************
please log in first

2 添加日志

from functools import wraps


def with_log(func):

    @wraps(func)
    def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
        print(func.__name__ + ' was called ' + '\nparmas: %s, %s' % (str(args), str(kwargs)))
        return func(*args, **kwargs)
    return wrapper


class Add(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.name = 'add'

    @with_log
    def a_b(self, a, b):
        return a + b

if __name__ == '__main__':
    add = Add()
    c = add.a_b(10, 23)
    print(c)

with_log是一个添加日志的装饰器,当他装饰的函数被调用时,就会记录日志,日志内容包括函数名,和函数参数

结果如下

a_b was called 
parmas: (<__main__.Add object at 0x0000021C7811C080>, 10, 23), {}
33

    原文作者:ruguowoshiyu
    原文地址: https://blog.csdn.net/ruguowoshiyu/article/details/80921165
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