八皇后问题是一个以国际象棋为背景的问题:如何能够在 8×8 的国际象棋棋盘上放置八个皇后,使得任何一个皇后都无法直接吃掉其他的皇后?为了达到此目的,任两个皇后都不能处于同一条横行、纵行或斜线上。八皇后问题可以推广为更一般的n皇后摆放问题:这时棋盘的大小变为n×n,而皇后个数也变成n。当且仅当 n = 1 或 n ≥ 4 时问题有解。
Input
无输入。
Output
按给定顺序和格式输出所有八皇后问题的解(见Sample Output)。
Sample Input
Sample Output
No. 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 No. 2 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 No. 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 No. 4 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 No. 5 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 No. 6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 No. 7 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 No. 8 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 No. 9 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 ...以下省略
这个题就是先写出判断情况,然后dfs加回溯就可以了,题中有一个陷阱,深搜的时候是按列输出的,不是行输出,保存在TXT中才发现,代码如下:
#include<iostream>
#include<cstdio>
#include<cstdlib>
using namespace std;
int hang[11], n=8;
int a[10][10] = { 0 };
int t = 1;
void print()
{
printf("No. %d\n", t++);
for (int i = 1; i <= 8; i++)
{
for (int j = 1; j <= 8; j++)
{
printf("%d ", a[j][i]);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
bool judge(int num)
{
for (int i = 1; i < num; i++)
if (hang[num] == hang[i] || abs(hang[i] - hang[num]) == num - i)
//判断列和对角线
return 0;
return 1;
}
void dfs(int num)
{
if (num >= 9){
print();
}
for (int i = 1; i <= 8; i++)
{
hang[num] = i;
if (a[num][i]!=1&&judge(num))
{
a[num][i] = 1;
dfs(num + 1);
a[num][i] = 0;
}
}
}
int main()
{
//freopen("1.txt", "w", stdout);
dfs(1);
return 0;
}