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目录
标签
Python 依赖管理，Python 包管理，Python，依赖管理，包管理，依赖树，依赖信息，pip，pipdeptree。
修订历史
- 2020-04-24：首次编辑。
说明
Python 虽然有虚拟环境（virtualenv）工具可以方便管理项目之间的依赖，但是项目内的依赖树依然有些混乱，如果有类似 Java 中 Maven 的 dependency tree 可以一键查看所有依赖树信息就好了。于是在网上找到一款可以方便查看 Python 已安装包的依赖树信息查看工具 pipdeptree。使用方法如下：
使用
安装 pipdeptree
(temp-test) [adam@ZCY ~]$ pip install pipdeptree
Looking in indexes: http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple/
Collecting pipdeptree
Downloading http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/packages/12/64/26c7df3ad833cd6e8b9735c5958b25d6aef1617c915b2731baedfbeee712/pipdeptree-0.13.2-py3-none-any.whl (16 kB)
Requirement already satisfied: pip>=6.0.0 in ./virtualenv/temp-test/lib/python3.6/site-packages (from pipdeptree) (20.0.2)
Installing collected packages: pipdeptree
Successfully installed pipdeptree-0.13.2
查看 pipdeptree 版本
(temp-test) [adam@ZCY ~]$ pipdeptree -v
0.13.2
直接使用
(temp-test) [adam@ZCY ~]$ pipdeptree
Django==2.2.12
- pytz [required: Any, installed: 2019.3]
- sqlparse [required: Any, installed: 0.3.1]
pipdeptree==0.13.2
- pip [required: >=6.0.0, installed: 20.0.2]
setuptools==45.2.0
wheel==0.34.2
用 freeze 格式显示依赖树
(temp-test) [adam@ZCY ~]$ pipdeptree -f
Django==2.2.12
pytz==2019.3
sqlparse==0.3.1
pipdeptree==0.13.2
pip==20.0.2
setuptools==45.2.0
wheel==0.34.2
显示所有包的依赖树，包括依赖包和被依赖包
(temp-test) [adam@ZCY ~]$ pipdeptree -a
Django==2.2.12
- pytz [required: Any, installed: 2019.3]
- sqlparse [required: Any, installed: 0.3.1]
pip==20.0.2
pipdeptree==0.13.2
- pip [required: >=6.0.0, installed: 20.0.2]
pytz==2019.3
setuptools==45.2.0
sqlparse==0.3.1
wheel==0.34.2
反转依赖树
(temp-test) [adam@ZCY ~]$ pipdeptree -r
pip==20.0.2
- pipdeptree==0.13.2 [requires: pip>=6.0.0]
pytz==2019.3
- Django==2.2.12 [requires: pytz]
setuptools==45.2.0
sqlparse==0.3.1
- Django==2.2.12 [requires: sqlparse]
wheel==0.34.2
只显示某些包的依赖树
(temp-test) [adam@ZCY ~]$ pipdeptree -p django
Django==2.2.12
- pytz [required: Any, installed: 2019.3]
- sqlparse [required: Any, installed: 0.3.1]
不显示某些包的依赖树
(temp-test) [adam@ZCY ~]$ pipdeptree -e django
pipdeptree==0.13.2
- pip [required: >=6.0.0, installed: 20.0.2]
setuptools==45.2.0
wheel==0.34.2
使用 Json 格式显示所有包的依赖树，包括依赖包和被依赖包
(temp-test) [adam@ZCY ~]$ pipdeptree -j
[
{
"package": {
"key": "wheel",
"package_name": "wheel",
"installed_version": "0.34.2"
},
"dependencies": []
},
{
"package": {
"key": "sqlparse",
"package_name": "sqlparse",
"installed_version": "0.3.1"
},
"dependencies": []
},
{
"package": {
"key": "setuptools",
"package_name": "setuptools",
"installed_version": "45.2.0"
},
"dependencies": []
},
{
"package": {
"key": "pytz",
"package_name": "pytz",
"installed_version": "2019.3"
},
"dependencies": []
},
{
"package": {
"key": "pipdeptree",
"package_name": "pipdeptree",
"installed_version": "0.13.2"
},
"dependencies": [
{
"key": "pip",
"package_name": "pip",
"installed_version": "20.0.2",
"required_version": ">=6.0.0"
}
]
},
{
"package": {
"key": "pip",
"package_name": "pip",
"installed_version": "20.0.2"
},
"dependencies": []
},
{
"package": {
"key": "django",
"package_name": "Django",
"installed_version": "2.2.12"
},
"dependencies": [
{
"key": "sqlparse",
"package_name": "sqlparse",
"installed_version": "0.3.1",
"required_version": null
},
{
"key": "pytz",
"package_name": "pytz",
"installed_version": "2019.3",
"required_version": null
}
]
}
]
使用 Json 格式只显示顶层依赖树，不包括被依赖包的依赖树
(temp-test) [adam@ZCY ~]$ pipdeptree --json-tree
[
{
"key": "django",
"package_name": "Django",
"installed_version": "2.2.12",
"required_version": "2.2.12",
"dependencies": [
{
"key": "pytz",
"package_name": "pytz",
"installed_version": "2019.3",
"required_version": "Any",
"dependencies": []
},
{
"key": "sqlparse",
"package_name": "sqlparse",
"installed_version": "0.3.1",
"required_version": "Any",
"dependencies": []
}
]
},
{
"key": "pipdeptree",
"package_name": "pipdeptree",
"installed_version": "0.13.2",
"required_version": "0.13.2",
"dependencies": [
{
"key": "pip",
"package_name": "pip",
"installed_version": "20.0.2",
"required_version": ">=6.0.0",
"dependencies": []
}
]
},
{
"key": "setuptools",
"package_name": "setuptools",
"installed_version": "45.2.0",
"required_version": "45.2.0",
"dependencies": []
},
{
"key": "wheel",
"package_name": "wheel",
"installed_version": "0.34.2",
"required_version": "0.34.2",
"dependencies": []
}
]
使用“帮助”获取更多详细信息
(temp-test) [adam@ZCY ~]$ pipdeptree -h
usage: pipdeptree [-h] [-v] [-f] [-a] [-l] [-u] [-w [{ silence,suppress,fail}]]
[-r] [-p PACKAGES] [-e PACKAGES] [-j] [--json-tree]
[--graph-output OUTPUT_FORMAT]
Dependency tree of the installed python packages
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-v, --version show program's version number and exit
-f, --freeze Print names so as to write freeze files
-a, --all list all deps at top level
-l, --local-only If in a virtualenv that has global access do not show
globally installed packages
-u, --user-only Only show installations in the user site dir
-w [{ silence,suppress,fail}], --warn [{ silence,suppress,fail}]
Warning control. "suppress" will show warnings but
return 0 whether or not they are present. "silence"
will not show warnings at all and always return 0.
"fail" will show warnings and return 1 if any are
present. The default is "suppress".
-r, --reverse Shows the dependency tree in the reverse fashion ie.
the sub-dependencies are listed with the list of
packages that need them under them.
-p PACKAGES, --packages PACKAGES
Comma separated list of select packages to show in the
output. If set, --all will be ignored.
-e PACKAGES, --exclude PACKAGES
Comma separated list of select packages to exclude
from the output. If set, --all will be ignored.
-j, --json Display dependency tree as json. This will yield "raw"
output that may be used by external tools. This option
overrides all other options.
--json-tree Display dependency tree as json which is nested the
same way as the plain text output printed by default.
This option overrides all other options (except
--json).
--graph-output OUTPUT_FORMAT
Print a dependency graph in the specified output
format. Available are all formats supported by
GraphViz, e.g.: dot, jpeg, pdf, png, svg
