1.在百度云创建一个语音产品

百度云
在->产品->人工智能->语音技术(选择任何一个创建一个功能包)
也可参考百度开发者教程
创建完成之后你将在你的全局，产品服务中看到自己的语音技术
其中包括

1. 应用名称
2. AppID
3. API Key
4. Secret Key
5. 还有创建时间·····
   其中AppId、API Key、Secret Key都很关键这是，在后面接入百度API的凭证，我将在后面标注出来。

2.参考百度官方文档

1)语音转文字（即语音识别）的功能实现

首先，语音识别对音频格式及时长有一定要求，可使用开源的音频格式转换及VAD切分工具。便于进行音频处理。拼音相似度工具可以通过比较拼音相似度，解决同音字问题。
目前，SDK调用使用http接口，需要上传完整文件。根据接口内容：

1. 支持的语音格式
   原始 PCM 的录音参数必须符合 16k 采样率、16bit 位深、单声道，支持的格式有：pcm（不压缩）、wav（不压缩，pcm编码）、amr（压缩格式）
2. 支持的语音时长上限为60s，请不要超过这个长度，否则会返回错误。

1、安装语音识别 Python SDK

如果已安装pip，执行pip install baidu-aip即可。
如果已安装setuptools，执行python setup.py install即可。

2、使用百度接口：

向远程服务上传整段语音进行识别

#文档示例代码：
# 读取文件
def get_file_content(filePath):
    with open(filePath, 'rb') as fp:
        return fp.read()

# 识别本地文件
client.asr(get_file_content('audio.pcm'), 'pcm', 16000, {
    'dev_pid': 1536,
})

参考文档参数：

1. speech Buffer 建立包含语音内容的Buffer对象, 语音文件的格式，pcm 或者 wav 或者 amr。不区分大小写
2. format String 语音文件的格式，pcm 或者 wav 或者 amr。不区分大小写。推荐pcm文件
3. rate int 采样率，16000，固定值
4. cuid String 用户唯一标识，用来区分用户，填写机器 MAC 地址或 IMEI 码，长度为60以内
5. dev_pid Int 不填写lan参数生效，都不填写，默认1537（普通话 输入法模型），dev_pid参数见本节开头的表格

dev_pid参数列表

成功返回样例：

{"corpus_no":"6798493061260544840","err_msg":"success.",
"err_no":0,
"result":["百度是瓜皮。"],"sn":"666502245331582897515"}

错误信息参考：

一般问题均在此表格里。
下面贴出代码已经我的测试结果：

# coding=utf-8

import sys
import json
import base64
import time

IS_PY3 = sys.version_info.major == 3

if IS_PY3:
    from urllib.request import urlopen
    from urllib.request import Request
    from urllib.error import URLError
    from urllib.parse import urlencode
    timer = time.perf_counter
else:
    from urllib2 import urlopen
    from urllib2 import Request
    from urllib2 import URLError
    from urllib import urlencode
    if sys.platform == "win32":
        timer = time.clock
    else:
        # On most other platforms the best timer is time.time()
        timer = time.time

API_KEY = 'Z98pRtfNVQOGheA77PdbqSli'
SECRET_KEY = 'DMKRQo8uTuSbhtb5gamaM4bMZGNrSQGG'

# 需要识别的文件
AUDIO_FILE = 'baidu.pcm'  # 只支持 pcm/wav/amr 格式，极速版额外支持m4a 格式
# 文件格式
FORMAT = AUDIO_FILE[-3:]  # 文件后缀只支持 pcm/wav/amr 格式，极速版额外支持m4a 格式

CUID = '123456PYTHON'
# 采样率
RATE = 16000  # 固定值

# 普通版

DEV_PID = 1537  # 1537 表示识别普通话，使用输入法模型。1536表示识别普通话，使用搜索模型。根据文档填写PID，选择语言及识别模型
ASR_URL = 'http://vop.baidu.com/server_api'
SCOPE = 'audio_voice_assistant_get'  # 有此scope表示有asr能力，没有请在网页里勾选，非常旧的应用可能没有

#测试自训练平台需要打开以下信息， 自训练平台模型上线后，您会看见 第二步：“”获取专属模型参数pid:8001，modelid:1234”，按照这个信息获取 dev_pid=8001，lm_id=1234
# DEV_PID = 8001 ;   
# LM_ID = 1234 ;

# 极速版 打开注释的话请填写自己申请的appkey appSecret ，并在网页中开通极速版（开通后可能会收费）

# DEV_PID = 80001
# ASR_URL = 'http://vop.baidu.com/pro_api'
# SCOPE = 'brain_enhanced_asr'  # 有此scope表示有极速版能力，没有请在网页里开通极速版

# 忽略scope检查，非常旧的应用可能没有
# SCOPE = False

class DemoError(Exception):
    pass


"""  TOKEN start """

TOKEN_URL = 'http://openapi.baidu.com/oauth/2.0/token'


def fetch_token():
    params = {'grant_type': 'client_credentials',
              'client_id': API_KEY,
              'client_secret': SECRET_KEY}
    post_data = urlencode(params)
    if (IS_PY3):
        post_data = post_data.encode( 'utf-8')
    req = Request(TOKEN_URL, post_data)
    try:
        f = urlopen(req)
        result_str = f.read()
    except URLError as err:
        print('token http response http code : ' + str(err.code))
        result_str = err.read()
    if (IS_PY3):
        result_str =  result_str.decode()

    print(result_str)
    result = json.loads(result_str)
    print(result)
    if ('access_token' in result.keys() and 'scope' in result.keys()):
        print(SCOPE)
        if SCOPE and (not SCOPE in result['scope'].split(' ')):  # SCOPE = False 忽略检查
            raise DemoError('scope is not correct')
        print('SUCCESS WITH TOKEN: %s  EXPIRES IN SECONDS: %s' % (result['access_token'], result['expires_in']))
        return result['access_token']
    else:
        raise DemoError('MAYBE API_KEY or SECRET_KEY not correct: access_token or scope not found in token response')

"""  TOKEN end """

if __name__ == '__main__':
    token = fetch_token()

    speech_data = []
    with open(AUDIO_FILE, 'rb') as speech_file:
        speech_data = speech_file.read()

    length = len(speech_data)
    if length == 0:
        raise DemoError('file %s length read 0 bytes' % AUDIO_FILE)
    speech = base64.b64encode(speech_data)
    if (IS_PY3):
        speech = str(speech, 'utf-8')
    params = {'dev_pid': DEV_PID,
             #"lm_id" : LM_ID,    #测试自训练平台开启此项
              'format': FORMAT,
              'rate': RATE,
              'token': token,
              'cuid': CUID,
              'channel': 1,
              'speech': speech,
              'len': length
              }
    post_data = json.dumps(params, sort_keys=False)
    # print post_data
    req = Request(ASR_URL, post_data.encode('utf-8'))
    req.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
    try:
        begin = timer()
        f = urlopen(req)
        result_str = f.read()
        print ("Request time cost %f" % (timer() - begin))
    except URLError as err:
        print('asr http response http code : ' + str(err.code))
        result_str = err.read()

    if (IS_PY3):
        result_str = str(result_str, 'utf-8')
    print(result_str)
    with open("result.txt","w") as of:
        of.write(result_str)

输出：

{"access_token":"24.ffc8666eb9b9ed1f831f145674c84faa.2592000.1585487697.282335-17692619","session_key":"9mzdXRJMRXk2UGrRPfHouFivZjF9k3jZeeV1UQgxHVgF4LJMNALSRd47wm5rIqFiV4cm7Se8QQtwa14APh8FHjSdTtIlGw==","scope":"audio_voice_assistant_get brain_enhanced_asr audio_tts_post public brain_ocr_general_basic brain_all_scope picchain_test_picchain_api_scope 
brain_nlp_emotion wise_adapt lebo_resource_base lightservice_public hetu_basic lightcms_map_poi kaidian_kaidian ApsMisTest_Test\u6743\u9650 vis-classify_flower lpq_\u5f00\u653e cop_helloScope ApsMis_fangdi_permission smartapp_snsapi_base iop_autocar oauth_tp_app smartapp_smart_game_openapi oauth_sessionkey smartapp_swanid_verify smartapp_opensource_openapi smartapp_opensource_recapi fake_face_detect_\u5f00\u653eScope vis-ocr_\u865a\u62df\u4eba\u7269\u52a9\u7406 idl-video_\u865a\u62df\u4eba\u7269\u52a9\u7406","refresh_token":"25.64693b95dc93605948c806dba37e0352.315360000.1898255697.282335-17692619","session_secret":"07709d0831bf5be4a872a695e2b947f1","expires_in":2592000}

{'access_token': '24.ffc8666eb9b9ed1f831f145674c84faa.2592000.1585487697.282335-17692619', 'session_key': '9mzdXRJMRXk2UGrRPfHouFivZjF9k3jZeeV1UQgxHVgF4LJMNALSRd47wm5rIqFiV4cm7Se8QQtwa14APh8FHjSdTtIlGw==', 'scope': 'audio_voice_assistant_get brain_enhanced_asr audio_tts_post public brain_ocr_general_basic brain_all_scope picchain_test_picchain_api_scope brain_nlp_emotion wise_adapt lebo_resource_base lightservice_public hetu_basic lightcms_map_poi kaidian_kaidian 
ocar oauth_tp_app smartapp_smart_game_openapi oauth_sessionkey smartapp_swanid_verify smartapp_opensource_openapi smartapp_opensource_recapi fake_face_detect_开放Scope vis-ocr_虚拟人物助理 idl-video_虚拟人物助理', 'refresh_token': '25.64693b95dc93605948c806dba37e0352.315360000.1898255697.282335-17692619', 'session_secret': '07709d0831bf5be4a872a695e2b947f1', 'expires_in': 2592000}
audio_voice_assistant_get
SUCCESS WITH TOKEN: 24.ffc8666eb9b9ed1f831f145674c84faa.2592000.1585487697.282335-17692619  EXPIRES IN SECONDS: 2592000
Request time cost 2.540582
{"err_msg":"speech quality error.","err_no":3301,"sn":"470283300881582895698"}

PS D:\learn Java\pyday\API\API\语音识别> python baidushibie.py
{"access_token":"24.cb226321d87cd64da657bd1468e81951.2592000.1585489514.282335-17692619","session_key":"9mzdWBIklEgpIJj0BuuHGod5VXLJr4CDLIGupFzOvb\/znpW6oOHCjSlGx9i4JVWo+OjdIiF1icrbhTLDJ08AcHljft4f1g==","scope":"audio_voice_assistant_get brain_enhanced_asr audio_tts_post public brain_ocr_general_basic brain_all_scope picchain_test_picchain_api_scope brain_nlp_emotion wise_adapt lebo_resource_base lightservice_public hetu_basic lightcms_map_poi kaidian_kaidian ApsMisTest_Test\u6743\u9650 vis-classify_flower lpq_\u5f00\u653e cop_helloScope ApsMis_fangdi_permission smartapp_snsapi_base iop_autocar oauth_tp_app smartapp_smart_game_openapi oauth_sessionkey smartapp_swanid_verify smartapp_opensource_openapi smartapp_opensource_recapi fake_face_detect_\u5f00\u653eScope vis-ocr_\u865a\u62df\u4eba\u7269\u52a9\u7406 idl-video_\u865a\u62df\u4eba\u7269\u52a9\u7406","refresh_token":"25.25ba3b367690eec58c9d79507de4a615.315360000.1898257514.282335-17692619","session_secret":"3f2930ef60146626a1bd70cb87cbfd8c","expires_in":2592000}

{'access_token': '24.cb226321d87cd64da657bd1468e81951.2592000.1585489514.282335-17692619', 'session_key': '9mzdWBIklEgpIJj0BuuHGod5VXLJr4CDLIGupFzOvb/znpW6oOHCjSlGx9i4JVWo+OjdIiF1icrbhTLDJ08AcHljft4f1g==', 'scope': 'audio_voice_assistant_get brain_enhanced_asr audio_tts_post public brain_ocr_general_basic brain_all_scope picchain_test_picchain_api_scope brain_nlp_emotion wise_adapt lebo_resource_base lightservice_public hetu_basic lightcms_map_poi kaidian_kaidian 
ApsMisTest_Test权限 vis-classify_flower lpq_开放 cop_helloScope ApsMis_fangdi_permission smartapp_snsapi_base iop_autocar oauth_tp_app smartapp_smart_game_openapi oauth_sessionkey smartapp_swanid_verify smartapp_opensource_openapi smartapp_opensource_recapi fake_face_detect_开放Scope vis-ocr_虚拟人物助理 idl-video_虚拟人物助理', 'refresh_token': '25.25ba3b367690eec58c9d79507de4a615.315360000.1898257514.282335-17692619', 'session_secret': '3f2930ef60146626a1bd70cb87cbfd8c', 'expires_in': 2592000}
audio_voice_assistant_get
SUCCESS WITH TOKEN: 24.cb226321d87cd64da657bd1468e81951.2592000.1585489514.282335-17692619  EXPIRES IN SECONDS: 2592000
Request time cost 1.507672
{"corpus_no":"6798493061260544840","err_msg":"success.","err_no":0,"result":["百度是瓜皮。"],"sn":"666502245331582897515"}

显然输出在最后一行。