Given a set of non-overlapping intervals, insert a new interval into the intervals (merge if necessary).
You may assume that the intervals were initially sorted according to their start times.
Example 1:
Given intervals [1,3],[6,9]
, insert and merge [2,5]
in as [1,5],[6,9]
.
Example 2:
Given [1,2],[3,5],[6,7],[8,10],[12,16]
, insert and merge [4,9]
in as [1,2],[3,10],[12,16]
.
This is because the new interval [4,9]
overlaps with [3,5],[6,7],[8,10]
.
这道题让我们在一系列非重叠的区间中插入一个新的区间,可能还需要和原有的区间合并,那么我们需要对给区间集一个一个的遍历比较,那么会有两种情况,重叠或是不重叠,不重叠的情况最好,直接将新区间插入到对应的位置即可,重叠的情况比较复杂,有时候会有多个重叠,我们需要更新新区间的范围以便包含所有重叠,之后将新区间加入结果res,最后将后面的区间再加入结果res即可。具体思路是,我们用一个变量cur来遍历区间,如果当前cur区间的结束位置小于要插入的区间的起始位置的话,说明没有重叠,则将cur区间加入结果res中,然后cur自增1。直到有cur越界或有重叠while循环退出,然后再用一个while循环处理所有重叠的区间,每次用取两个区间起始位置的较小值,和结束位置的较大值来更新要插入的区间,然后cur自增1。直到cur越界或者没有重叠时while循环退出。之后将更新好的新区间加入结果res,然后将cur之后的区间再加入结果res中即可,参见代码如下:
解法一:
class Solution { public: vector<Interval> insert(vector<Interval>& intervals, Interval newInterval) { vector<Interval> res; int n = intervals.size(), cur = 0; while (cur < n && intervals[cur].end < newInterval.start) { res.push_back(intervals[cur++]); } while (cur < n && intervals[cur].start <= newInterval.end) { newInterval.start = min(newInterval.start, intervals[cur].start); newInterval.end = max(newInterval.end, intervals[cur].end); ++cur; } res.push_back(newInterval); while (cur < n) { res.push_back(intervals[cur++]); } return res; } };
下面这种方法的思路跟上面的解法很像,只不过没有用while循环,而是使用的是for循环,但是思路上没有太大的区别,变量cur还是用来记录新区间该插入的位置,稍有不同的地方在于在for循环中已经将新区间后面不重叠的区间也加进去了,for循环结束后就只需要插入新区间即可,参见代码如下:
解法二:
class Solution { public: vector<Interval> insert(vector<Interval>& intervals, Interval newInterval) { vector<Interval> res; int n = intervals.size(), cur = 0; for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) { if (intervals[i].end < newInterval.start) { res.push_back(intervals[i]); ++cur; } else if (intervals[i].start > newInterval.end) { res.push_back(intervals[i]); } else { newInterval.start = min(newInterval.start, intervals[i].start); newInterval.end = max(newInterval.end, intervals[i].end); } } res.insert(res.begin() + cur, newInterval); return res; } };
下面这种解法就是把上面解法的for循环改为了while循环,其他的都没有变,代码如下:
解法三:
class Solution { public: vector<Interval> insert(vector<Interval>& intervals, Interval newInterval) { vector<Interval> res; int n = intervals.size(), cur = 0, i = 0; while (i < n) { if (intervals[i].end < newInterval.start) { res.push_back(intervals[i]); ++cur; } else if (intervals[i].start > newInterval.end) { res.push_back(intervals[i]); } else { newInterval.start = min(newInterval.start, intervals[i].start); newInterval.end = max(newInterval.end, intervals[i].end); } ++i; } res.insert(res.begin() + cur, newInterval); return res; } };
如果学过Design Pattern的,对Iterator Pattern比较熟悉的也可应用Iterator来求解,本质还是一样的,只是写法略有不同,代码如下:
解法四:
class Solution { public: vector<Interval> insert(vector<Interval>& intervals, Interval newInterval) { vector<Interval> res; vector<Interval>::iterator it = intervals.begin(); int cur = 0; while (it != intervals.end()) { if (it->end < newInterval.start) { res.push_back(*it); ++cur; } else if (it->start > newInterval.end) { res.push_back(*it); } else { newInterval.start = min(newInterval.start, it->start); newInterval.end = max(newInterval.end, it->end); } ++it; } res.insert(res.begin() + cur, newInterval); return res; } };
类似题目:
参考资料:
https://leetcode.com/problems/insert-interval/discuss/21669/Easy-and-clean-O(n)-C++-solution
https://leetcode.com/problems/insert-interval/discuss/21602/Short-and-straight-forward-Java-solution