堆排序過程
1. 建立堆
2. 對堆排序
統計大文件中數據單詞次數前k的問題中需要應用。
注意 :
1. 堆的建立過程是從底自上;
2. 堆的排序過程是從上自下,其過程很好理解,在建立堆的過程中要從底部向上調整元素,保證底部子節點小於父節點,如果先從父節點開始,則不能保證此性質;排序過程則需要將最大元素(最小元素)排除出去,所以是堆頂開始,從上自下調整的。
// an index in arr[]. n is size of heap
void heapify(int arr[], int n, int i)
{
int largest = i; // Initialize largest as root
int l = 2*i + 1; // left = 2*i + 1
int r = 2*i + 2; // right = 2*i + 2
// If left child is larger than root
if (l < n && arr[l] > arr[largest])
largest = l;
// If right child is larger than largest so far
if (r < n && arr[r] > arr[largest])
largest = r;
// If largest is not root
if (largest != i)
{
swap(arr[i], arr[largest]);
// Recursively heapify the affected sub-tree
heapify(arr, n, largest);
}
}
// main function to do heap sort
void heapSort(int arr[], int n)
{
// Build heap (rearrange array)
for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
heapify(arr, n, i);
// One by one extract an element from heap
for (int i=n-1; i>=0; i--)
{
// Move current root to end
swap(arr[0], arr[i]);
// call max heapify on the reduced heap
heapify(arr, i, 0);
}
}