首先,我的另外一篇博客已经讲述了DispatcherServlet的整个初始化过程,地址如下:
http://blog.csdn.net/u011734144/article/details/74136168
下面说说DispatcherServlet是如何分发请求的
分发请求是由该类的doDispatch方法来完成的,先看下具体代码
protected void doDispatch(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HttpServletRequest processedRequest = request;
HandlerExecutionChain mappedHandler = null;
boolean multipartRequestParsed = false;
WebAsyncManager asyncManager = WebAsyncUtils.getAsyncManager(request);
try {
// 这里为视图准备好一个ModelAndView,这个ModelAndView持有handler处理请求的结果
ModelAndView mv = null;
Exception dispatchException = null;
try {
processedRequest = checkMultipart(request);
multipartRequestParsed = (processedRequest != request);
// Determine handler for the current request.
// 根据请求得到对应的Handler
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest);
if (mappedHandler == null || mappedHandler.getHandler() == null) {
noHandlerFound(processedRequest, response);
return;
}
// Determine handler adapter for the current request.
// 这里是实际调用handler的地方,在执行handler之前,用handlerAdapter先先检查一下handler的合法性: 即是不是按spring的要求编写的handler
// handler处理的结果封装到ModelAndView中,为视图提供展现数据
HandlerAdapter ha = getHandlerAdapter(mappedHandler.getHandler());
// Process last-modified header, if supported by the handler.
String method = request.getMethod();
boolean isGet = "GET".equals(method);
if (isGet || "HEAD".equals(method)) {
long lastModified = ha.getLastModified(request, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Last-Modified value for [" + getRequestUri(request) + "] is: " + lastModified);
}
if (new ServletWebRequest(request, response).checkNotModified(lastModified) && isGet) {
return;
}
}
if (!mappedHandler.applyPreHandle(processedRequest, response)) {
return;
}
// Actually invoke the handler.
// 通过调用handlerAdapter的handle方法,实际上触发对Controller的handleRequest方法的调用
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler());
if (asyncManager.isConcurrentHandlingStarted()) {
return;
}
applyDefaultViewName(processedRequest, mv);
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle(processedRequest, response, mv);
}
processDispatchResult(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler, mv, dispatchException);
}
}
首先可以看到,
这里为视图准备好一个ModelAndView,这个ModelAndView持有handler处理请求的结果
然后如下代码:
mappedHandler = getHandler(processedRequest)
可以根据请求得到对应的handler,如果获取不到对应的handler,就会调用noHandlerFound方法来进行处理,表示找不到对应的处理器,从而抛出异常
在执行handler之前,用handlerAdapter先先检查一下handler的合法性: 即是不是按spring的要求编写的handler,即需要判断这个handler是不是Controller接口的实现
这个判断是通过HandlerAdapter来判断的,以SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter的实现为例来了解这个判断是如何起作用的,这个判断是通过support方法来实现,
判断当前的handler是不是Controller对象,具体代码如下:
public class SimpleControllerHandlerAdapter implements HandlerAdapter {
// 判断将要调用handler是不是controller
@Override
public boolean supports(Object handler) {
return (handler instanceof Controller);
}
@Override
public ModelAndView handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, Object handler)
throws Exception {
//对http请求响应的处理.生成各种需要的数据,并把这些数据封装到ModelAndView中去
return ((Controller) handler).handleRequest(request, response);
}
@Override
public long getLastModified(HttpServletRequest request, Object handler) {
if (handler instanceof LastModified) {
return ((LastModified) handler).getLastModified(request);
}
return -1L;
}
}
接下来mappedHandler.applyPreHandle方法,代码如下:
boolean applyPreHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception {
HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
for (int i = 0; i < interceptors.length; i++) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
if (!interceptor.preHandle(request, response, this.handler)) {
triggerAfterCompletion(request, response, null);
return false;
}
this.interceptorIndex = i;
}
}
return true;
}
这是调用为handler配置的拦截器,从HanlderExecutionChain中取出所有的拦截器Interceptor进行前置处理
mv = ha.handle(processedRequest, response, mappedHandler.getHandler()); 是真正调用handler进行处理的地方,实际是触发对Controller的
handleRequest方法的调用来进行http请求的处理
mappedHandler.applyPostHandle方法与前置处理方法applyPreHandle类似,是handle的拦截器的后置处理,具体代码如下:
void applyPostHandle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, ModelAndView mv) throws Exception {
HandlerInterceptor[] interceptors = getInterceptors();
if (!ObjectUtils.isEmpty(interceptors)) {
for (int i = interceptors.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
HandlerInterceptor interceptor = interceptors[i];
interceptor.postHandle(request, response, this.handler, mv);
}
}
}
最后的processDispatchResult方法就是使用视图对ModelAndView数据的展现到这里,主流程我们就分析完了。
接下来我们看下具体的获取handler的过程,也就是getHandler方法的代码
protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
// 这里是从HandlerMapping中去取handler的调用
for (HandlerMapping hm : this.handlerMappings) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace(
"Testing handler map [" + hm + "] in DispatcherServlet with name '" + getServletName() + "'");
}
HandlerExecutionChain handler = hm.getHandler(request);
if (handler != null) {
return handler;
}
}
return null;
}
可以看到它其实就是从handlerMappings中获取对应的处理器,也就是遍历当前所持有的所有的HanlderMapping,因为在DispatcherServlet中可能定义了不止一个
handlerMapping,在这一系列handlerMapping中只要找到了一个需要的handler,就会停止查找,在找到了handler以后,通过hanler返回的是一个HandlerExecutionChain
对象,其中包含了最终的Controller和定义的一个拦截器链,拦截器链是为了对handler其实也就是目标Controller进行增强。这样就会按照上面的步骤,先来调用拦截器链的前置处理方法,然后调用Controller来进行请求处理,然后调用
拦截器链的后置处理方法。
那么接下来我们想知道的就是handlerMappings中的拦截器链和Controller是何时注册进去的
下面我们以HandlerMapping的其中一个实现SimpleUrlHandlerMapping来进行讲解,根据名字,可以看出他是根据Url来进行映射,并注册Handler和Interceptor,从而
维护一个反映这种url到handler和Interceptor的映射关系的handlerMap,当需要匹配Http请求的时候就需要查询这个handlerMap中的信息来得到对应的
HandlerExecutionChain,而这个对象里面就封装了url对应的handler和Interceptor,这个过程就是在SimpleUrlHandlerMapping的如下方法中完成的:
public void initApplicationContext() throws BeansException {
super.initApplicationContext();
registerHandlers(this.urlMap);
}
那么究竟是哪里触发了对这个方法的调用呢?往上追踪,我们可以追踪到ApplicationObjectSupport类,其代码如下:
public abstract class ApplicationObjectSupport implements ApplicationContextAware {
@Override
public final void setApplicationContext(ApplicationContext context) throws BeansException {
if (context == null && !isContextRequired()) {
// Reset internal context state.
this.applicationContext = null;
this.messageSourceAccessor = null;
}
else if (this.applicationContext == null) {
// Initialize with passed-in context.
if (!requiredContextClass().isInstance(context)) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Invalid application context: needs to be of type [" + requiredContextClass().getName() + "]");
}
this.applicationContext = context;
this.messageSourceAccessor = new MessageSourceAccessor(context);
initApplicationContext(context);
}
else {
// Ignore reinitialization if same context passed in.
if (this.applicationContext != context) {
throw new ApplicationContextException(
"Cannot reinitialize with different application context: current one is [" +
this.applicationContext + "], passed-in one is [" + context + "]");
}
}
}
可以看到这个类实现了ApplicationContextAware接口,我们知道在类进行初始化的时候,系统会自动帮我们调用ApplicationContextAware类的
setApplicationContext方法,来让bean获取对IOC容器的感知,这个调用在我的其他文章中也有具体的介绍,这里不做过多的说明。我们可以看到这个方法里面就是调用
initApplicationContext的地方,即这里来完成启动对映射关系的注册
接着说上面的初始化方法,其中的registerHandlers方法其实是调用的基类AbstractUrlHandlerMapping的registerHandlers方法来进行的注册,具体代码如下:
protected void registerHandler(String urlPath, Object handler) throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {
Assert.notNull(urlPath, "URL path must not be null");
Assert.notNull(handler, "Handler object must not be null");
Object resolvedHandler = handler;
// Eagerly resolve handler if referencing singleton via name.
// 如果直接使用bean名称进行映射,那就直接从容器中获取handler
if (!this.lazyInitHandlers && handler instanceof String) {
String handlerName = (String) handler;
if (getApplicationContext().isSingleton(handlerName)) {
resolvedHandler = getApplicationContext().getBean(handlerName);
}
}
Object mappedHandler = this.handlerMap.get(urlPath);
if (mappedHandler != null) {
if (mappedHandler != resolvedHandler) {
throw new IllegalStateException(
"Cannot map " + getHandlerDescription(handler) + " to URL path [" + urlPath +
"]: There is already " + getHandlerDescription(mappedHandler) + " mapped.");
}
}
else {
// 处理URL是"/"的映射,把这个"/"映射的controller设置到rootHandler中
if (urlPath.equals("/")) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Root mapping to " + getHandlerDescription(handler));
}
setRootHandler(resolvedHandler);
}
// 处理URL是"/*"的映射,把这个"/"映射的controller设置到defaultHandler中
else if (urlPath.equals("/*")) {
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Default mapping to " + getHandlerDescription(handler));
}
setDefaultHandler(resolvedHandler);
}
// 处理正常的URL映射,设置handlerMap的key和value,分别对应于URL和映射的controller
else {
this.handlerMap.put(urlPath, resolvedHandler);
if (logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
logger.info("Mapped URL path [" + urlPath + "] onto " + getHandlerDescription(handler));
}
}
}
}
在这个处理过程中,如果使用Bean的名称作为映射,那么直接从容器中获取这个Http映射对应的Bean,然后还要对不同的URL配置进行解析处理,比如在Http请求中配置
成“/”和通配符“/*”的URL,以及正常的URL请求,完成这个解析处理过程以后,会把URL和handler作为键值对放到上面说到的handlerMap中去,handlerMap其实就是
一个hashMap,其中保存了URL请求到Controller的映射关系,这个handlerMap是在AbstractUrlHandlerMapping中定义的