一、本文说明

本实验主要是演示MySQL的四种启动方式，附带停止的操作。

二、mysqld

  mysqld is the MySQL server   mysqld reads options from the [mysqld] and [server] groups   we can invoke mysqld manually.This is usually not done except for debugging purposes.If you invoke the server this way,error messages go to the terminal by default rather than to the error log.

  connection

    start      

       ./bin/mysqld –defaults-file=./my.cnf –user=mysql    

    connect      

        mysql –defaults-file=./my.cnf      

        mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock

----启动：      
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=./my.cnf --user=mysql &
[1] 11315
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# 130729  0:50:34 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled
130729  0:50:34 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use InnoDB's own implementation
130729  0:50:34 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3
130729  0:50:34 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M
130729  0:50:34 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool
130729  0:50:34 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda.
130729  0:50:34  InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start
130729  0:50:35 InnoDB: 1.1.8 started; log sequence number 1595675
130729  0:50:36 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events
130729  0:50:36 [Note] ./bin/mysqld: ready for connections.
Version: '5.5.22-log'  socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock'  port: 3306  Source distribution

[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ps -ef |grep mysql |grep -v grep
mysql    11315  5333  1 00:50 pts/1    00:00:00 ./bin/mysqld --defaults-file=./my.cnf --user=mysql
----连接：
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# mysql --defaults-file=./my.cnf
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock 
----关闭：
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# mysqladmin shutdown 

三、mysqld_safe
  mysqld_safe reads all options the [mysqld],[server],and [mysqld_safe] sections in option files.For backward compatibility,it also reads [safe_mysqld] sections,although you should rename such sections to [mysqd_safe] in MySQL 5.1 installations.   mysqld_safe is a shell script that invokes mysqld.The script sets up the error log,and then launches mysqld and monitors it.If mysqld terminates abnormally,mysqld_safe restarts it.

  connection    

     start      

        mysqld_safe –defaults-file=./my.cnf –user=mysql &    

     connect      

        mysql –defaults-file=./my.cnf      

        mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock

----启动：
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ./bin/mysqld_safe --default-file=./my.cnf --user=mysql &
[1] 11352
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# 130729 00:54:22 mysqld_safe Logging to '/opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.err'.
130729 00:54:23 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /opt/mysql5.5/data
130729 00:54:25 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.pid ended

[1]+  Done                    ./bin/mysqld_safe --default-file=./my.cnf --user=mysql
----连接：      
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# mysql --defaults-file=./my.cnf
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock  
----关闭：
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# mysqladmin shutdown 

四、mysql.server
  MySQL distributions on Unix include a script named mysql.server.It can be used on
systems such as Linux and Solaris that use System V-style run directaries to start and stop
system services.It is also used by the Max OS X Startup Item for MySQL.
  $MySQL_BASE/share/mysql/mysql.server and support-files/mysql.server
  mysql.server reads options from the [mysql.server] and [mysqld] sections of option files.
For backward compatibility,it also reads [mysql_server] sections,although you should rename
such sections to [mysql.server] when using MySQL 5.1
  a shell script that invoke mysqld_safe. 
 
  connection
    start
      cd share/mysql
       ./mysql.server start
      cp ./mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
       chkconfig –add mysql
       service mysql start
    connect
      mysql –default-file=./my.cnf
      mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock

----启动：
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ./support-files/mysql.server start
Starting MySQL...                                          [  OK  ]
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ps -ef |grep mysql |grep -v grep
root     11873     1  1 01:01 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/mysql5.5/data --pid-file=/opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.pid
mysql    12329 11873  4 01:01 pts/1    00:00:00 /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld --basedir=/opt/mysql5.5 --datadir=/opt/mysql5.5/data --plugin-dir=/opt/mysql5.5/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.err --pid-file=/opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306
----设置随系统启动而启动MySQL
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# chkconfig --list mysql
mysql              0:off    1:off    2:on    3:on    4:on    5:on    6:off
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql start
Starting MySQL..                                           [  OK  ]
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ps -ef |grep mysql |grep -v grep
root     12423     1  1 01:03 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld_safe --datadir=/opt/mysql5.5/data --pid-file=/opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.pid
mysql    12881 12423  3 01:03 pts/1    00:00:00 /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld --basedir=/opt/mysql5.5 --datadir=/opt/mysql5.5/data --plugin-dir=/opt/mysql5.5/lib/plugin --user=mysql --log-error=/opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.err --pid-file=/opt/mysql5.5/data/node4.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql.sock --port=3306      
---连接：      
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# mysql --defaults-file=./my.cnf
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql.sock  
----关闭：
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# mysqladmin shutdown            
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# service mysql stop
Shutting down MySQL.                                       [  OK  ] 

五、mysqld_multi
  mysqld_multi is designed to manage several mysqld processes that listen for connections on different Unix socket files and TCP/IP prots.It can start or stop servers,or report their current status.The MySQL Instance Manager is an alternative means of managing multiple servers

  how to config    

    1). mkdir $MySQL_BASE/data2    

    2). mysql_install_db –basedir=$mysql_base              –datadir=$mysql_base/data2              –user=mysql    

    3). vi $MySQL_BASE/my.cnf        

         [mysqld_multi]        

         mysqld = /opt/mysql5152/bin/mysqld_safe        

         mysqladmin = /opt/mysql5152/bin/mysqladmin        

         user = test        

         password = test        

         [mysqld3306]         

           .         

           .         

           .     

      4). mysqld_multi –defaults-file=./my.cnf start 3306     

      5). mysql -uroot -P 3306 –protocol=tcp         

           mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock     

       6). GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO ‘test’@’localhost’ IDENTIFIED BY ‘test’;     

       7). mysqld_multi –defaults-file=./my.cnf stop 3306     

----创建存放数据库的目录     
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# mkdir data2
----创建数据库基表
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ./scripts/mysql_install_db --basedir=/opt/mysql5.5 --datadir=/opt/mysql5.5/data2 --user=mysql
Installing MySQL system tables...
130729  1:35:52 [Warning] You need to use --log-bin to make --binlog-format work.
OK
Filling help tables...
130729  1:35:52 [Warning] You need to use --log-bin to make --binlog-format work.
OK

To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system

PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER !
To do so, start the server, then issue the following commands:

/opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h node4 password 'new-password'

Alternatively you can run:
/opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysql_secure_installation

which will also give you the option of removing the test
databases and anonymous user created by default.  This is
strongly recommended for production servers.

See the manual for more instructions.

You can start the MySQL daemon with:
cd /opt/mysql5.5 ; /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld_safe &

You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl
cd /opt/mysql5.5/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl

Please report any problems with the /opt/mysql5.5/scripts/mysqlbug script!
----修改data2目录的属主
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# chown -R mysql:mysql data2/
----修改my.conf文件，添加下面的内容
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# more my.cnf                
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld = /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld_safe
mysqladmin = /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqladmin
user = test
password = test

# The MySQL server
[mysqld3306]
port        = 3306
socket        = /tmp/mysql3306.sock
pid-file        = /tmp/mysql3306.pid
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
basedir = /opt/mysql5.5
datadir = /opt/mysql5.5/data
log-error = /tmp/mysql3306.err

[mysqld3307]
port            = 3307
socket          = /tmp/mysql3307.sock
pid-file        = /tmp/mysql3307.pid
skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 16M
max_allowed_packet = 1M
table_open_cache = 64
sort_buffer_size = 512K
net_buffer_length = 8K
read_buffer_size = 256K
read_rnd_buffer_size = 512K
myisam_sort_buffer_size = 8M
basedir = /opt/mysql5.5
datadir = /opt/mysql5.5/data2
log-error = /tmp/mysql3307.err
----启动3306
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ./bin/mysqld_multi --defaults-file=./my.cnf start 3306 &
[1] 13184
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ps -ef |grep 3306 |grep -v grep
root     13192     1  0 01:52 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3306 --socket=/tmp/mysql3306.sock --pid-file=/tmp/mysql3306.pid --skip-external-locking --key_buffer_size=16M --max_allowed_packet=1M --table_open_cache=64 --sort_buffer_size=512K --net_buffer_length=8K --read_buffer_size=256K --read_rnd_buffer_size=512K --myisam_sort_buffer_size=8M --basedir=/opt/mysql5.5 --datadir=/opt/mysql5.5/data --log-error=/tmp/mysql3306.err
mysql    13637 13192  1 01:52 pts/1    00:00:00 /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld --basedir=/opt/mysql5.5 --datadir=/opt/mysql5.5/data --plugin-dir=/opt/mysql5.5/lib/plugin --user=mysql --skip-external-locking --key-buffer-size=16M --max-allowed-packet=1M --table-open-cache=64 --sort-buffer-size=512K --net-buffer-length=8K --read-buffer-size=256K --read-rnd-buffer-size=512K --myisam-sort-buffer-size=8M --log-error=/tmp/mysql3306.err --pid-file=/tmp/mysql3306.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql3306.sock --port=3306
[1]+  Done                    ./bin/mysqld_multi --defaults-file=./my.cnf start 3306
----启动3307
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ./bin/mysqld_multi --defaults-file=./my.cnf start 3307 &
[1] 13658
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ps -ef |grep 3307 |grep -v grep
root     13666     1  1 01:53 pts/1    00:00:00 /bin/sh /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld_safe --port=3307 --socket=/tmp/mysql3307.sock --pid-file=/tmp/mysql3307.pid --skip-external-locking --key_buffer_size=16M --max_allowed_packet=1M --table_open_cache=64 --sort_buffer_size=512K --net_buffer_length=8K --read_buffer_size=256K --read_rnd_buffer_size=512K --myisam_sort_buffer_size=8M --basedir=/opt/mysql5.5 --datadir=/opt/mysql5.5/data2 --log-error=/tmp/mysql3307.err --log-bin=mysql-bin --binlog_format=mixed --server-id=1
mysql    14156 13666 11 01:53 pts/1    00:00:00 /opt/mysql5.5/bin/mysqld --basedir=/opt/mysql5.5 --datadir=/opt/mysql5.5/data2 --plugin-dir=/opt/mysql5.5/lib/plugin --user=mysql --skip-external-locking --key-buffer-size=16M --max-allowed-packet=1M --table-open-cache=64 --sort-buffer-size=512K --net-buffer-length=8K --read-buffer-size=256K --read-rnd-buffer-size=512K --myisam-sort-buffer-size=8M --log-bin=mysql-bin --binlog-format=mixed --server-id=1 --log-error=/tmp/mysql3307.err --pid-file=/tmp/mysql3307.pid --socket=/tmp/mysql3307.sock --port=3307
[1]+  Done                    ./bin/mysqld_multi --defaults-file=./my.cnf start 3307
----对数据库的连接
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.22 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql3307.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 1
Server version: 5.5.22-log Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> exit;
Bye
----关闭3306，首先需要连接数据库，创建test用户并授予它权限，最后使用mysqld_multi关闭3306
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# mysql -S /tmp/mysql3306.sock
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 2
Server version: 5.5.22 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> GRANT SHUTDOWN ON *.* TO 'test'@'localhost' identified by 'test' with grant option;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.11 sec)

mysql> exit;
Bye
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ./bin/mysqld_multi --defaults-file=./my.cnf stop 3306
[root@node4 mysql5.5]# ps -ef |grep 3306 |grep -v grep