一般启动mysql可以使用/etc/init.d/mysqld启动进行启动
#/etc/init.d/mysqld start
也可以使用/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe进行启动
chown -R mysql:mysql /data
1）#/usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/data #初始化
ll /data
total 1056
drwx—— 2 mysql root 4096 May 1 21:31 mysql
-rw-rw—- 1 mysql mysql 27311 May 1 21:31 mysql-bin.000001
-rw-rw—- 1 mysql mysql 1031892 May 1 21:31 mysql-bin.000002
-rw-rw—- 1 mysql mysql 38 May 1 21:31 mysql-bin.index
drwx—— 2 mysql mysql 4096 May 1 21:31 performance_schema
drwx—— 2 mysql root 4096 May 1 21:31 test
2）#/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/data & 启动mysql服务
#netstat -anpt | grep mysqld
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1180/mysqld
ps -ef | grep mysqld
root 906 19026 0 21:32 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –user=mysql –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/data
mysql 1180 906 0 21:32 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/data –plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin –user=mysql –log-error=/data/vm1.test.com.err –pid-file=/data/vm1.test.com.pid –socket=/tmp/mysql.sock –port=3306
或者：
3）mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/etc/my2.cnf –user=mysql2 #这样也可以启动mysql
我们可以利用该方法启动2个mysql实例：
chown -R mysql2:mysql2 /usr/local/mysql/data/
/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf –user=mysql2 &
netstat -anpt | grep mysql
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3307 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 13551/mysqld
ps -ef | grep mysql
root 13311 19026 0 21:42 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/sh /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf –user=mysql2
mysql2 13551 13311 1 21:42 pts/0 00:00:00 /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld –defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf –basedir=/usr/local/mysql –datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data –plugin-dir=/usr/local/mysql/lib/plugin –user=mysql2 –log-error=/usr/local/mysql/data/vm1.test.com.err –pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/vm1.test.com.pid –socket=/tmp/mysql.sock –port=3307
在Unix和NetWare中推荐使用mysqld_safe来启动mysqld服务器。mysqld_safe增加了一些安全特性，例如当出现错误时重启服务器并向错误日志文件写入运行时间信息。
