SQLite的UNION子句/运算符用于合并两个或多个SELECT语句的结果,不返回任何重复的行。
直接使用UNION,每个SELECT选择的列数必须具有相同的,相同数目的列表达式相同的数据类型,并让它们在相同的顺序,但它们不必具有相同的长度。
语法
UNION的基本语法如下:
SELECT column1 [, column2 ] FROM table1 [, table2 ] [WHERE condition] UNION SELECT column1 [, column2 ] FROM table1 [, table2 ] [WHERE condition]
这里给定的条件可以是任何表达式,根据需要。
例子:
考虑以下两个表:COMPANY表如下:
sqlite> select * from COMPANY; ID NAME AGE ADDRESS SALARY ---------- -------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- 1 Paul 32 California 20000.0 2 Allen 25 Texas 15000.0 3 Teddy 23 Norway 20000.0 4 Mark 25 Rich-Mond 65000.0 5 David 27 Texas 85000.0 6 Kim 22 South-Hall 45000.0 7 James 24 Houston 10000.0
另一表是DEPARTMENT如下:
ID DEPT EMP_ID ---------- -------------------- ---------- 1 IT Billing 1 2 Engineering 2 3 Finance 7 4 Engineering 3 5 Finance 4 6 Engineering 5 7 Finance 6
现在,让我们加入这两个表使用SELECT语句一起UNION子句如下:
sqlite> SELECT EMP_ID, NAME, DEPT FROM COMPANY INNER JOIN DEPARTMENT ON COMPANY.ID = DEPARTMENT.EMP_ID UNION SELECT EMP_ID, NAME, DEPT FROM COMPANY LEFT OUTER JOIN DEPARTMENT ON COMPANY.ID = DEPARTMENT.EMP_ID;
这将产生以下结果:
EMP_ID NAME DEPT ---------- -------------------- ---------- 1 Paul IT Billing 2 Allen Engineerin 3 Teddy Engineerin 4 Mark Finance 5 David Engineerin 6 Kim Finance 7 James Finance
UNION ALL 子句:
UNION ALL运算符是用来结合两个SELECT语句,包括重复行的结果。
UNION 适用同样的规则适用于UNION 所有操作符。
语法
UNION ALL的基本语法如下:
SELECT column1 [, column2 ] FROM table1 [, table2 ] [WHERE condition] UNION ALL SELECT column1 [, column2 ] FROM table1 [, table2 ] [WHERE condition]
这里给定的条件可以是任何表达式,根据需要。
例子:
现在,让我们连接上述两个表中的SELECT语句如下:
sqlite> SELECT EMP_ID, NAME, DEPT FROM COMPANY INNER JOIN DEPARTMENT ON COMPANY.ID = DEPARTMENT.EMP_ID UNION ALL SELECT EMP_ID, NAME, DEPT FROM COMPANY LEFT OUTER JOIN DEPARTMENT ON COMPANY.ID = DEPARTMENT.EMP_ID;
这将产生以下结果:
EMP_ID NAME DEPT ---------- -------------------- ---------- 1 Paul IT Billing 2 Allen Engineerin 3 Teddy Engineerin 4 Mark Finance 5 David Engineerin 6 Kim Finance 7 James Finance 1 Paul IT Billing 2 Allen Engineerin 3 Teddy Engineerin 4 Mark Finance 5 David Engineerin 6 Kim Finance 7 James Finance