HAVING子句可以让我们挑选出该函数的结果符合某些条件的特定行。
WHERE子句所选列的条件,而HAVING子句地方条件由GROUP BY子句创建的组。
语法:
以下是HAVING子句在SELECT查询的位置:
SELECT
FROM
WHERE
GROUP BY
HAVING
ORDER BY
HAVING子句必须遵循在GROUP BY子句于一个查询,也必须先如果使用ORDER BY子句。以下是SELECT语句的语法,包括HAVING子句:
SELECT column1, column2 FROM table1, table2 WHERE [ conditions ] GROUP BY column1, column2 HAVING [ conditions ] ORDER BY column1, column2
例子:
考虑表COMPANY 有如下记录:
# select * from COMPANY; id | name | age | address | salary ----+-------+-----+-----------+-------- 1 | Paul | 32 | California| 20000 2 | Allen | 25 | Texas | 15000 3 | Teddy | 23 | Norway | 20000 4 | Mark | 25 | Rich-Mond | 65000 5 | David | 27 | Texas | 85000 6 | Kim | 22 | South-Hall| 45000 7 | James | 24 | Houston | 10000 (7 rows)
下面的例子显示记录的名称计数小于2:
testdb-# SELECT NAME FROM COMPANY GROUP BY name HAVING count(name) < 2;
这将产生以下结果:
name ------- Teddy Paul Mark David Allen Kim James (7 rows)
现在,让我们来创建COMPANY 表于的三条记录使用下面的INSERT语句:
INSERT INTO COMPANY VALUES (8, 'Paul', 24, 'Houston', 20000.00); INSERT INTO COMPANY VALUES (9, 'James', 44, 'Norway', 5000.00); INSERT INTO COMPANY VALUES (10, 'James', 45, 'Texas', 5000.00);
现在我们的表名称重复的记录:
id | name | age | address | salary ----+-------+-----+--------------+-------- 1 | Paul | 32 | California | 20000 2 | Allen | 25 | Texas | 15000 3 | Teddy | 23 | Norway | 20000 4 | Mark | 25 | Rich-Mond | 65000 5 | David | 27 | Texas | 85000 6 | Kim | 22 | South-Hall | 45000 7 | James | 24 | Houston | 10000 8 | Paul | 24 | Houston | 20000 9 | James | 44 | Norway | 5000 10 | James | 45 | Texas | 5000 (10 rows)
下面的例子会显示名称数量大于1的记录:
testdb-# SELECT NAME FROM COMPANY GROUP BY name HAVING count(name) > 1;
这将产生以下结果:
name ------- Paul James (2 rows)