1 场景描述
最近使用 postgresql 命令行比较多，就找了个类似 mycli 工具，pgcli，这个是针对 postgresql 的，兴冲冲的安装了
brew install pgcli
没想到这货自动帮我升级了 postgresql，我原来使用的是 9.5.7, 自动帮我升级到了 9.6.3
查看升级日志 pg_upgrade_server.log
pg_ctl: another server might be running; trying to start server anyway
waiting for server to start....FATAL: database files are incompatible with server
DETAIL: The data directory was initialized by PostgreSQL version 9.5, which is not compatible with this version 9.6.3.
stopped waiting
pg_ctl: could not start server
Examine the log output.这是需要迁移数据的节奏啊，迁移之前需要的明白点什么
postgresql 中的升级，如果针对小版本的升级，比如 9.6.1 升级到 9.6.3(当前的最新版本)，只需要用 9.6.3 版本的软件替换 9.6.1 版本的软件即可，不需要做额外的操作，因为整个大版本是相互兼容的，内部存储形式也是兼容的。但如果涉及到跨大版本升级比如 9.5.7 升级到 9.6.3，这种直接替换软件就不行了，因为跨版本的内部存储形式发生了变化
官方对于升级提供了 3 种方法，这里迁移我使用了 pg_upgrade 来进行处理, 细节可以参考官方文档。
再进行下一步之前，把 postgresql 服务关掉，执行如下命令
brew services stop postgresql
2 如何迁移数据
2.1 备份数据
mv /usr/local/var/postgresql /usr/local/var/postgresql.old
2.2 使用新版本初始化新的数据库
initdb /usr/local/var/postgres -E utf8 --locale=zh_CN.UTF-8
运行结果
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "allen".
This user must also own the server process.
The database cluster will be initialized with locale "zh_CN.UTF-8".
initdb: could not find suitable text search configuration for locale "zh_CN.UTF-8"
The default text search configuration will be set to "simple".
Data page checksums are disabled.
creating directory /usr/local/var/postgres ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok
WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
Success. You can now start the database server using:
pg_ctl -D /usr/local/var/postgres -l logfile start
2.3 迁移旧数据
pg_upgrade 语法简单如下：
pg_upgrade -b 旧版本的bin目录 -B 新版本的bin目录 -d 旧版本的数据目录 -D 新版本的数据目录 [其他选项...]
然后运行迁移命令
pg_upgrade -b /usr/local/Cellar/postgresql@9.5/9.5.7/bin -B /usr/local/bin -d /usr/local/var/postgres.old -D /usr/local/var/postgres
运行结果
Performing Consistency Checks
-----------------------------
Checking cluster versions ok
Checking database user is the install user ok
Checking database connection settings ok
Checking for prepared transactions ok
Checking for reg* system OID user data types ok
Checking for contrib/isn with bigint-passing mismatch ok
Checking for roles starting with 'pg_' ok
Creating dump of global objects ok
Creating dump of database schemas
ok
Checking for presence of required libraries ok
Checking database user is the install user ok
Checking for prepared transactions ok
If pg_upgrade fails after this point, you must re-initdb the
new cluster before continuing.
Performing Upgrade
------------------
Analyzing all rows in the new cluster ok
Freezing all rows on the new cluster ok
Deleting files from new pg_clog ok
Copying old pg_clog to new server ok
Setting next transaction ID and epoch for new cluster ok
Deleting files from new pg_multixact/offsets ok
Copying old pg_multixact/offsets to new server ok
Deleting files from new pg_multixact/members ok
Copying old pg_multixact/members to new server ok
Setting next multixact ID and offset for new cluster ok
Resetting WAL archives ok
Setting frozenxid and minmxid counters in new cluster ok
Restoring global objects in the new cluster ok
Restoring database schemas in the new cluster
ok
Copying user relation files
ok
Setting next OID for new cluster ok
Sync data directory to disk ok
Creating script to analyze new cluster ok
Creating script to delete old cluster ok
Upgrade Complete
----------------
Optimizer statistics are not transferred by pg_upgrade so,
once you start the new server, consider running:
./analyze_new_cluster.sh
Running this script will delete the old cluster's data files:
./delete_old_cluster.sh
最后提示生成两个脚本，一个是 analyze_new_cluster.sh，需要在新版本中执行，用来收集统计信息，另一个是 delete_old_cluster.sh，用来删除旧版本集群数据，当然为了安全起见可以等系统运行几天没问题再来删除。
运行下 analyze_new_cluster.sh 脚本
./analyze_new_cluster.sh
运行结果如下：
This script will generate minimal optimizer statistics rapidly
so your system is usable, and then gather statistics twice more
with increasing accuracy. When it is done, your system will
have the default level of optimizer statistics.
If you have used ALTER TABLE to modify the statistics target for
any tables, you might want to remove them and restore them after
running this script because they will delay fast statistics generation.
If you would like default statistics as quickly as possible, cancel
this script and run:
"/usr/local/bin/vacuumdb" --all --analyze-only
vacuumdb: processing database "activity_tool": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "allen": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "cw": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "djexample": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "finance": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "iop": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "learn": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "postgres": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "servicemall": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "store": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "template1": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "test_store": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "uio": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "vbdev": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "vbdevelop": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "xiuzan": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "xzdevelop": Generating minimal optimizer statistics (1 target)
vacuumdb: processing database "activity_tool": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "allen": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "cw": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "djexample": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "finance": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "iop": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "learn": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "postgres": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "servicemall": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "store": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "template1": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "test_store": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "uio": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "vbdev": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "vbdevelop": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "xiuzan": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "xzdevelop": Generating medium optimizer statistics (10 targets)
vacuumdb: processing database "activity_tool": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "allen": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "cw": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "djexample": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "finance": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "iop": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "learn": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "postgres": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "servicemall": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "store": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "template1": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "test_store": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "uio": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "vbdev": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "vbdevelop": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "xiuzan": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
vacuumdb: processing database "xzdevelop": Generating default (full) optimizer statistics
Done
3 重启玩耍
brew services start postgresql
查看下服务状态
brew services list
运行结果
Name Status User Plist
postgresql started allen /Users/allen/Library/LaunchAgents/homebrew.mxcl.postgresql.plist
接着就可以愉快的使用 pgcli 了。
参考借鉴文章和文档
