前言
这篇是Spring专题Bean初始化的第二篇，主要对bean初始化具体过程的源码分析。上篇博客Spring专题之Bean初始化源码分析（1）中我们对Spring如何开始初始化bean以及bena初始化的总体过程有了大致的了解，接下来就继续上篇博客的结尾处开始来分析初始化bean的具体过程。
Bean初始化
上篇博客中我们知道了Spring在通过判断bean定义是否是单例bean，是否是原型bena之后，最后都是调用了createBean方法去创建bean的，所以我们进入该方法分析具体初始化过程。进入方法后发现是该方法是AbstractBeanFactory的一个抽象方法，真正地调用是在子类AbstractAutowireCapableBeanFactory中重写了。源码如下：
//创建Bean实例对象
protected Object createBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
RootBeanDefinition mbdToUse = mbd;
//判断需要创建的Bean是否可以实例化，即是否可以通过当前的类加载器加载
Class<?> resolvedClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
if (resolvedClass != null && !mbd.hasBeanClass() && mbd.getBeanClassName() != null) {
mbdToUse = new RootBeanDefinition(mbd);
mbdToUse.setBeanClass(resolvedClass);
}
//校验和准备Bean中的方法覆盖
try {
mbdToUse.prepareMethodOverrides();
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanDefinitionStoreException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(),
beanName, "Validation of method overrides failed", ex);
}
try {
//如果Bean配置了初始化前和初始化后的处理器，则试图返回一个需要创建Bean的代理对象
Object bean = resolveBeforeInstantiation(beanName, mbdToUse);
if (bean != null) {
return bean;
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"BeanPostProcessor before instantiation of bean failed", ex);
}
try {
//创建Bean的入口
Object beanInstance = doCreateBean(beanName, mbdToUse, args);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Finished creating instance of bean '" + beanName + "'");
}
return beanInstance;
}
catch (BeanCreationException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (ImplicitlyAppearedSingletonException ex) {
throw ex;
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbdToUse.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Unexpected exception during bean creation", ex);
}
}这里我们有两个地方需要了解的，第一个是resolveBeforeInstantiation方法，第二个是doCreateBean方法。之后我们重点分析doCreateBean方法，这里的resolveBeforeInstantiation方法主要是针对Bean如果配置了初始化前和初始化后的处理器，会试图返回一个需要创建Bean的代理对象。那么现在我们开始进入doCreateBean方法，源码如下：
//真正创建Bean的方法
protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd, final @Nullable Object[] args)
throws BeanCreationException {
//封装被创建的Bean对象
BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;
if (mbd.isSingleton()) {
instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);
}
if (instanceWrapper == null) {
instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);
}
final Object bean = instanceWrapper.getWrappedInstance();
//获取实例化对象的类型
Class<?> beanType = instanceWrapper.getWrappedClass();
if (beanType != NullBean.class) {
mbd.resolvedTargetType = beanType;
}
//调用PostProcessor后置处理器
synchronized (mbd.postProcessingLock) {
if (!mbd.postProcessed) {
try {
applyMergedBeanDefinitionPostProcessors(mbd, beanType, beanName);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Post-processing of merged bean definition failed", ex);
}
mbd.postProcessed = true;
}
}
//向容器中缓存单例模式的Bean对象，以防循环引用
boolean earlySingletonExposure = (mbd.isSingleton() && this.allowCircularReferences &&
isSingletonCurrentlyInCreation(beanName));
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Eagerly caching bean '" + beanName +
"' to allow for resolving potential circular references");
}
//这里是一个匿名内部类，为了防止循环引用，尽早持有对象的引用
addSingletonFactory(beanName, () -> getEarlyBeanReference(beanName, mbd, bean));
}
//Bean对象的初始化，依赖注入在此触发
//这个exposedObject在初始化完成之后返回作为依赖注入完成后的Bean
Object exposedObject = bean;
try {
//将Bean实例对象封装，并且Bean定义中配置的属性值赋值给实例对象
populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);
//初始化Bean对象
exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
if (ex instanceof BeanCreationException && beanName.equals(((BeanCreationException) ex).getBeanName())) {
throw (BeanCreationException) ex;
}
else {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Initialization of bean failed", ex);
}
}
if (earlySingletonExposure) {
//获取指定名称的已注册的单例模式Bean对象
Object earlySingletonReference = getSingleton(beanName, false);
if (earlySingletonReference != null) {
//根据名称获取的已注册的Bean和正在实例化的Bean是同一个
if (exposedObject == bean) {
//当前实例化的Bean初始化完成
exposedObject = earlySingletonReference;
}
//当前Bean依赖其他Bean，并且当发生循环引用时不允许新创建实例对象
else if (!this.allowRawInjectionDespiteWrapping && hasDependentBean(beanName)) {
String[] dependentBeans = getDependentBeans(beanName);
Set<String> actualDependentBeans = new LinkedHashSet<>(dependentBeans.length);
//获取当前Bean所依赖的其他Bean
for (String dependentBean : dependentBeans) {
//对依赖Bean进行类型检查
if (!removeSingletonIfCreatedForTypeCheckOnly(dependentBean)) {
actualDependentBeans.add(dependentBean);
}
}
if (!actualDependentBeans.isEmpty()) {
throw new BeanCurrentlyInCreationException(beanName,
"Bean with name '" + beanName + "' has been injected into other beans [" +
StringUtils.collectionToCommaDelimitedString(actualDependentBeans) +
"] in its raw version as part of a circular reference, but has eventually been " +
"wrapped. This means that said other beans do not use the final version of the " +
"bean. This is often the result of over-eager type matching - consider using " +
"'getBeanNamesOfType' with the 'allowEagerInit' flag turned off, for example.");
}
}
}
}
// Register bean as disposable.
//注册完成依赖注入的Bean
try {
registerDisposableBeanIfNecessary(beanName, bean, mbd);
}
catch (BeanDefinitionValidationException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Invalid destruction signature", ex);
}
return exposedObject;
}这里有三个方法我们需要注意，第一个createBeanInstance方法，这是bean实例化的第一步，第二个是populateBean方法，这是bean依赖注入的地方，第三个是initializeBean，这是初始化bean的地方。
首先我们先看createBeanInstance方法，源码如下：
//创建Bean的实例对象
protected BeanWrapper createBeanInstance(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable Object[] args) {
// Make sure bean class is actually resolved at this point.
//检查确认Bean是可实例化的
Class<?> beanClass = resolveBeanClass(mbd, beanName);
//使用工厂方法对Bean进行实例化
if (beanClass != null && !Modifier.isPublic(beanClass.getModifiers()) && !mbd.isNonPublicAccessAllowed()) {
throw new BeanCreationException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName,
"Bean class isn't public, and non-public access not allowed: " + beanClass.getName());
}
Supplier<?> instanceSupplier = mbd.getInstanceSupplier();
if (instanceSupplier != null) {
return obtainFromSupplier(instanceSupplier, beanName);
}
if (mbd.getFactoryMethodName() != null) {
//调用工厂方法实例化
return instantiateUsingFactoryMethod(beanName, mbd, args);
}
// Shortcut when re-creating the same bean...
//使用容器的自动装配方法进行实例化
boolean resolved = false;
boolean autowireNecessary = false;
if (args == null) {
synchronized (mbd.constructorArgumentLock) {
if (mbd.resolvedConstructorOrFactoryMethod != null) {
resolved = true;
autowireNecessary = mbd.constructorArgumentsResolved;
}
}
}
if (resolved) {
if (autowireNecessary) {
//配置了自动装配属性，使用容器的自动装配实例化
//容器的自动装配是根据参数类型匹配Bean的构造方法
return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, null, null);
}
else {
//使用默认的无参构造方法实例化
return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
}
}
// Need to determine the constructor...
//使用Bean的构造方法进行实例化
Constructor<?>[] ctors = determineConstructorsFromBeanPostProcessors(beanClass, beanName);
if (ctors != null ||
mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_CONSTRUCTOR ||
mbd.hasConstructorArgumentValues() || !ObjectUtils.isEmpty(args)) {
//使用容器的自动装配特性，调用匹配的构造方法实例化
return autowireConstructor(beanName, mbd, ctors, args);
}
// No special handling: simply use no-arg constructor.
//使用默认的无参构造方法实例化
return instantiateBean(beanName, mbd);
}通过上述的源码分析，我们知道Spring这里对bean实例化有几种方式，分别是工厂方法实例化，容器自动装配以及使用默认的无参构造方法实例化。
然后我们在来看populateBean方法是如何进行依赖注入的，源码如下：
//将Bean属性设置到生成的实例对象上
protected void populateBean(String beanName, RootBeanDefinition mbd, @Nullable BeanWrapper bw) {
//如果属性存在但是需要注入的对象为空，则抛出异常。
if (bw == null) {
if (mbd.hasPropertyValues()) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Cannot apply property values to null instance");
}
else {
// Skip property population phase for null instance.
return;
}
}
// Give any InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors the opportunity to modify the
// state of the bean before properties are set. This can be used, for example,
// to support styles of field injection.
//使得InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors有机会在属性注入之前修改bean的状态，例如支持一些属性类型的注入。
boolean continueWithPropertyPopulation = true;
if (!mbd.isSynthetic() && hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors()) {
for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
if (!ibp.postProcessAfterInstantiation(bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName)) {
continueWithPropertyPopulation = false;
break;
}
}
}
}
if (!continueWithPropertyPopulation) {
return;
}
//获取容器在解析Bean定义资源时为BeanDefiniton中设置的属性值
PropertyValues pvs = (mbd.hasPropertyValues() ? mbd.getPropertyValues() : null);
//对依赖注入处理，首先处理autowiring自动装配的依赖注入
if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME ||
mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
MutablePropertyValues newPvs = new MutablePropertyValues(pvs);
// Add property values based on autowire by name if applicable.
//根据Bean名称进行autowiring自动装配处理
if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_NAME) {
autowireByName(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
}
// Add property values based on autowire by type if applicable.
//根据Bean类型进行autowiring自动装配处理
if (mbd.getResolvedAutowireMode() == RootBeanDefinition.AUTOWIRE_BY_TYPE) {
autowireByType(beanName, mbd, bw, newPvs);
}
pvs = newPvs;
}
//对非autowiring的属性进行依赖注入处理
boolean hasInstAwareBpps = hasInstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessors();
boolean needsDepCheck = (mbd.getDependencyCheck() != RootBeanDefinition.DEPENDENCY_CHECK_NONE);
if (hasInstAwareBpps || needsDepCheck) {
if (pvs == null) {
pvs = mbd.getPropertyValues();
}
PropertyDescriptor[] filteredPds = filterPropertyDescriptorsForDependencyCheck(bw, mbd.allowCaching);
if (hasInstAwareBpps) {
for (BeanPostProcessor bp : getBeanPostProcessors()) {
if (bp instanceof InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) {
InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor ibp = (InstantiationAwareBeanPostProcessor) bp;
pvs = ibp.postProcessPropertyValues(pvs, filteredPds, bw.getWrappedInstance(), beanName);
if (pvs == null) {
return;
}
}
}
}
if (needsDepCheck) {
checkDependencies(beanName, mbd, filteredPds, pvs);
}
}
if (pvs != null) {
//对属性进行注入
applyPropertyValues(beanName, mbd, bw, pvs);
}
}这里有也有几个方法需要注意，分别是autowireByName、autowireByType以及applyPropertyValues。
我们先来看下autowireByName方法，源码如下：
//根据名称对属性进行自动依赖注入
protected void autowireByName(
String beanName, AbstractBeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw, MutablePropertyValues pvs) {
//对Bean对象中非简单属性(不是简单继承的对象，如8中原始类型，字符串，URL等都是简单属性)进行处理
String[] propertyNames = unsatisfiedNonSimpleProperties(mbd, bw);
for (String propertyName : propertyNames) {
//如果Spring IOC容器中包含指定名称的Bean
if (containsBean(propertyName)) {
//调用getBean方法向IOC容器索取指定名称的Bean实例，迭代触发属性的初始化和依赖注入
Object bean = getBean(propertyName);
//为指定名称的属性赋予属性值
pvs.add(propertyName, bean);
//指定名称属性注册依赖Bean名称，进行属性依赖注入
registerDependentBean(propertyName, beanName);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Added autowiring by name from bean name '" + beanName +
"' via property '" + propertyName + "' to bean named '" + propertyName + "'");
}
}
else {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Not autowiring property '" + propertyName + "' of bean '" + beanName +
"' by name: no matching bean found");
}
}
}
}可以看到这里通过找到Bean中非简单属性的属性，比如CharSequence类型、Number类型、Date类型、URL类型、URI类型、Locale类型、Class类型就会忽略，具体可见BeanUtils的isSimpleProperty方法，遍历所有被找到的属性，如果bean定义中包含了属性名，那么先实例化该属性名对应的bean，注册一下当前bean的依赖bean。
然后我们看下根据类型自动装配autowireByType方法的实现，源码如下：
//根据类型对属性进行自动依赖注入
protected void autowireByType(
String beanName, AbstractBeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw, MutablePropertyValues pvs) {
//获取用户定义的类型转换器
TypeConverter converter = getCustomTypeConverter();
if (converter == null) {
converter = bw;
}
//存放解析的要注入的属性
Set<String> autowiredBeanNames = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
//对Bean对象中非简单属性(不是简单继承的对象，如8中原始类型，字符
//URL等都是简单属性)进行处理
String[] propertyNames = unsatisfiedNonSimpleProperties(mbd, bw);
for (String propertyName : propertyNames) {
try {
//获取指定属性名称的属性描述器
PropertyDescriptor pd = bw.getPropertyDescriptor(propertyName);
// Don't try autowiring by type for type Object: never makes sense,
// even if it technically is a unsatisfied, non-simple property.
//不对Object类型的属性进行autowiring自动依赖注入
if (Object.class != pd.getPropertyType()) {
//获取属性的setter方法
MethodParameter methodParam = BeanUtils.getWriteMethodParameter(pd);
// Do not allow eager init for type matching in case of a prioritized post-processor.
//检查指定类型是否可以被转换为目标对象的类型
boolean eager = !PriorityOrdered.class.isInstance(bw.getWrappedInstance());
//创建一个要被注入的依赖描述
DependencyDescriptor desc = new AutowireByTypeDependencyDescriptor(methodParam, eager);
//根据容器的Bean定义解析依赖关系，返回所有要被注入的Bean对象
Object autowiredArgument = resolveDependency(desc, beanName, autowiredBeanNames, converter);
if (autowiredArgument != null) {
//为属性赋值所引用的对象
pvs.add(propertyName, autowiredArgument);
}
for (String autowiredBeanName : autowiredBeanNames) {
//指定名称属性注册依赖Bean名称，进行属性依赖注入
registerDependentBean(autowiredBeanName, beanName);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Autowiring by type from bean name '" + beanName + "' via property '" +
propertyName + "' to bean named '" + autowiredBeanName + "'");
}
}
//释放已自动注入的属性
autowiredBeanNames.clear();
}
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new UnsatisfiedDependencyException(mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, propertyName, ex);
}
}
}具体的解析过程主要看resolveDependency方法，这里感兴趣的同学可以研究下具体过程。
最后我们来看下applyPropertyValues方法，源码如下：
//解析并注入依赖属性的过程
protected void applyPropertyValues(String beanName, BeanDefinition mbd, BeanWrapper bw, PropertyValues pvs) {
if (pvs.isEmpty()) {
return;
}
//封装属性值
MutablePropertyValues mpvs = null;
List<PropertyValue> original;
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
if (bw instanceof BeanWrapperImpl) {
//设置安全上下文，JDK安全机制
((BeanWrapperImpl) bw).setSecurityContext(getAccessControlContext());
}
}
if (pvs instanceof MutablePropertyValues) {
mpvs = (MutablePropertyValues) pvs;
//属性值已经转换
if (mpvs.isConverted()) {
// Shortcut: use the pre-converted values as-is.
try {
//为实例化对象设置属性值
bw.setPropertyValues(mpvs);
return;
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Error setting property values", ex);
}
}
//获取属性值对象的原始类型值
original = mpvs.getPropertyValueList();
}
else {
original = Arrays.asList(pvs.getPropertyValues());
}
//获取用户自定义的类型转换
TypeConverter converter = getCustomTypeConverter();
if (converter == null) {
converter = bw;
}
//创建一个Bean定义属性值解析器，将Bean定义中的属性值解析为Bean实例对象的实际值
BeanDefinitionValueResolver valueResolver = new BeanDefinitionValueResolver(this, beanName, mbd, converter);
// Create a deep copy, resolving any references for values.
//为属性的解析值创建一个拷贝，将拷贝的数据注入到实例对象中
List<PropertyValue> deepCopy = new ArrayList<>(original.size());
boolean resolveNecessary = false;
for (PropertyValue pv : original) {
//属性值不需要转换
if (pv.isConverted()) {
deepCopy.add(pv);
}
//属性值需要转换
else {
String propertyName = pv.getName();
//原始的属性值，即转换之前的属性值
Object originalValue = pv.getValue();
//转换属性值，例如将引用转换为IOC容器中实例化对象引用
Object resolvedValue = valueResolver.resolveValueIfNecessary(pv, originalValue);
//转换之后的属性值
Object convertedValue = resolvedValue;
//属性值是否可以转换
boolean convertible = bw.isWritableProperty(propertyName) &&
!PropertyAccessorUtils.isNestedOrIndexedProperty(propertyName);
if (convertible) {
//使用用户自定义的类型转换器转换属性值
convertedValue = convertForProperty(resolvedValue, propertyName, bw, converter);
}
// Possibly store converted value in merged bean definition,
// in order to avoid re-conversion for every created bean instance.
//存储转换后的属性值，避免每次属性注入时的转换工作
if (resolvedValue == originalValue) {
if (convertible) {
//设置属性转换之后的值
pv.setConvertedValue(convertedValue);
}
deepCopy.add(pv);
}
//属性是可转换的，且属性原始值是字符串类型，且属性的原始类型值不是
//动态生成的字符串，且属性的原始值不是集合或者数组类型
else if (convertible && originalValue instanceof TypedStringValue &&
!((TypedStringValue) originalValue).isDynamic() &&
!(convertedValue instanceof Collection || ObjectUtils.isArray(convertedValue))) {
pv.setConvertedValue(convertedValue);
//重新封装属性的值
deepCopy.add(pv);
}
else {
resolveNecessary = true;
deepCopy.add(new PropertyValue(pv, convertedValue));
}
}
}
if (mpvs != null && !resolveNecessary) {
//标记属性值已经转换过
mpvs.setConverted();
}
// Set our (possibly massaged) deep copy.
//进行属性依赖注入
try {
bw.setPropertyValues(new MutablePropertyValues(deepCopy));
}
catch (BeansException ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
mbd.getResourceDescription(), beanName, "Error setting property values", ex);
}
}这里主要是对需要转换的属性进行转换然后进行属性值的依赖注入。
至此属性的依赖注入分析结束，最后我们看下initializeBean方法是如何对bean进行初始化操作的，其源码如下：
//初始容器创建的Bean实例对象，为其添加BeanPostProcessor后置处理器
protected Object initializeBean(final String beanName, final Object bean, @Nullable RootBeanDefinition mbd) {
//JDK的安全机制验证权限
if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
//实现PrivilegedAction接口的匿名内部类
AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<Object>) () -> {
invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
return null;
}, getAccessControlContext());
}
else {
//为Bean实例对象包装相关属性，如名称，类加载器，所属容器等信息
invokeAwareMethods(beanName, bean);
}
Object wrappedBean = bean;
//对BeanPostProcessor后置处理器的postProcessBeforeInitialization
//回调方法的调用，为Bean实例初始化前做一些处理
if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsBeforeInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
}
//调用Bean实例对象初始化的方法，这个初始化方法是在Spring Bean定义配置
//文件中通过init-method属性指定的
try {
invokeInitMethods(beanName, wrappedBean, mbd);
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new BeanCreationException(
(mbd != null ? mbd.getResourceDescription() : null),
beanName, "Invocation of init method failed", ex);
}
//对BeanPostProcessor后置处理器的postProcessAfterInitialization
//回调方法的调用，为Bean实例初始化之后做一些处理
if (mbd == null || !mbd.isSynthetic()) {
wrappedBean = applyBeanPostProcessorsAfterInitialization(wrappedBean, beanName);
}
return wrappedBean;
}至此，bean初始化操作的总体过程分析结束，当然中间存在一些细节方面的点没有分析清楚，还需要各位小伙伴自行研究，然后有什么问题可以留言，大家一起讨论一起进步。
