1.文件切换操作
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#ll————显示当前路径下的所有文件
total 92
-rw——-. 1 root root 3330 Feb 3 07:52 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 08:16 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Downloads
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 40279 Feb 3 07:52 install.log
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 9272 Feb 3 07:50 install.log.syslog
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Videos
[root@localhost ~]# pwd———-显示当前用户所处的路径
/root
[root@localhost ~]# cd /———–进入根目录
[root@localhost /]# ll—————显示根目录的所有内容
total 90
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 08:18 bin
dr-xr-xr-x. 5 root root 1024 Feb 3 07:52 boot
drwxr-xr-x. 18 root root 3920 Feb 3 07:56 dev
drwxr-xr-x. 98 root root 4096 Feb 3 08:18 etc
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:52 home
dr-xr-xr-x. 10 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:48 lib
dr-xr-xr-x. 9 root root 12288 Feb 3 08:18 lib64
drwx——. 2 root root 16384 Feb 3 07:45 lost+found
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 media
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 mnt
drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:53 opt
dr-xr-xr-x. 159 root root 0 Feb 3 07:53 proc
dr-xr-x—. 27 root root 4096 Feb 3 08:16 root
dr-xr-xr-x. 2 root root 12288 Feb 3 08:18 sbin
drwxr-xr-x. 7 root root 0 Feb 3 07:53 selinux
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Sep 23 2011 srv
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 0 Feb 3 07:53 sys
16 root root 4096 Feb 3 08:17 tmp
drwxr-xr-x. 13 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:45 usr
drwxr-xr-x. 21 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:50 var
[root@localhost /]# cd——–进入主用户目录下，此处是root主用户
[root@localhost ~]# ll
total 92
-rw——-. 1 root root 3330 Feb 3 07:52 anaconda-ks.cfg
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 08:16 Desktop
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Documents
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Downloads
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 40279 Feb 3 07:52 install.log
-rw-r–r–. 1 root root 9272 Feb 3 07:50 install.log.syslog
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Music
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Pictures
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Public
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Templates
drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 Feb 3 07:57 Videos
[root@localhost ~]# pwd
/root
2.网络配置操作
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig——查看所有网卡的配置
eth0
Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:52:C5:AF
inet addr:192.168.145.128 Bcast:192.168.145.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:c5af/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:100089 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:60058 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:135786210 (129.4 MiB) TX bytes:6300628 (6.0 MiB)
lo
Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:960 (960.0 b) TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)
[root@localhost ~]# ipconfig eth0 192.168.145.129—eth0网卡的IP更改为192.168.145.129
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig———————————–同上
eth0
Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:52:C5:AF
inet addr:192.168.145.129 Bcast:192.168.145.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:c5af/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:100202 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:60093 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:135794420 (129.5 MiB) TX bytes:6310735 (6.0 MiB)
lo
Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:960 (960.0 b) TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0——-查看网卡eth0的详细配置
eth0
Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:52:C5:AF
inet addr:192.168.145.129 Bcast:192.168.145.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:c5af/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:100388 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:60109 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:135806653 (129.5 MiB) TX bytes:6311863 (6.0 MiB)
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 down—-将eth0网卡给关掉
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0—-同上
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 up—-将eth0网卡给打开
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0—-同上
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:52:C5:AF
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:c5af/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:100494 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:60125 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:135814294 (129.5 MiB) TX bytes:6313607 (6.0 MiB)
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig—-同上
eth0
Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:52:C5:AF
inet addr:192.168.145.128 Bcast:192.168.145.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:c5af/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:100552 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:60168 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:135823375 (129.5 MiB) TX bytes:6322221 (6.0 MiB)
lo
Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:960 (960.0 b) TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig eth0 netmask 255.255.0.0
[root@localhost ~]# ifconfig
eth0
Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:52:C5:AF
inet addr:192.168.145.128 Bcast:192.168.255.255 Mask:255.255.0.0
inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe52:c5af/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:100630 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:60212 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:135828752 (129.5 MiB) TX bytes:6329426 (6.0 MiB)
lo
Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:16 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:960 (960.0 b) TX bytes:960 (960.0 b)
3.ping操作
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ping 192.168.145.1—–ping主机IP
PING 192.168.145.1 (192.168.145.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.844 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=2 ttl=128 time=0.437 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=3 ttl=128 time=0.488 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=4 ttl=128 time=0.625 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=5 ttl=128 time=0.989 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=6 ttl=128 time=0.597 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=7 ttl=128 time=0.581 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=8 ttl=128 time=0.625 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=9 ttl=128 time=0.655 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=128 time=0.318 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=11 ttl=128 time=0.660 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=12 ttl=128 time=0.387 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=13 ttl=128 time=0.348 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=14 ttl=128 time=0.898 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=15 ttl=128 time=0.494 ms
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]#
[root@localhost ~]# ping -n 3 192.168.145.1—-ping3次后停止ping操作
[root@localhost ~]# ping -t 10 192.168.145.1——一直ping下去
[root@localhost ~]# ping -l 1024 192.168.145.1—–ping的包设置大小
PING 192.168.145.1 (192.168.145.1) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=10 ttl=128 time=1.07 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=11 ttl=128 time=0.717 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=12 ttl=128 time=0.978 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=13 ttl=128 time=0.360 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=14 ttl=128 time=0.321 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=15 ttl=128 time=0.298 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=16 ttl=128 time=0.364 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.145.1: icmp_seq=17 ttl=128 time=0.315 ms
^C
— 192.168.145.1 ping statistics —
17 packets transmitted, 8 received, 52% packet loss, time 7780ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.298/0.553/1.078/0.304 ms
4.相关命令的总结
模块 编号 命令试用 命令解释
帮助命令
1 man cd 使用帮助查看cd操作的相关参数目录文件处理命令
2 ll 显示该路径目录下可以显示的文件
3 ls -l /home/abc 显示该路径目录下可以显示的文件
4 ls -a 显示该路径目录下所有的文件
5 ls -l 显示该路径目录下可以显示的文件
6 ls -la 显示该路径目录下所有的文件
7 pwd 显示该用户此时的路径位置
8 cd / 进入根目录
9 cd 进入该用户的主目录
10 cd .. 该用户回退一格目录
11 mkdir abc 创建文件夹abc
12 mkdir -p a/b/c 创建文件夹a/b/c
13 rm -rf abc 删除文件夹abc
14 touch abc 创建空文件夹abc文本文件处理命令
15 cat t.txt 顺序查看t.txt文本的内容
16 tac t.txt 逆序查看t.txt文本的内容
17 cp t.txt /home/2.txt 复制t.txt文件到home路径下
18 mv t.txt /home/3.txt 移动t.txt文件到home路径下
19 touch a.txt 创建空文本a.txt
20 wc -l t.txt 查看文本有几行
21 wc t.txt 查看文本有几行、几个单词、几个字符
22 ln -s t.txt /home/t 在home路径下创建文本t.txt的快捷键
23 more t.txt 分页显示文本t.txt
24 tail -f t.txt 分页显示文本t.txtping操作
25 ping -n 3 192.168.145.1 ping主机操作3次
26 ping -t 192.168.145.1 一直ping主机操作
27 ping -l 1024 192.168.145.1 限制包的大小
28 ping 192.168.145.1 ping主机操作文件查找
29 find / -name profile 查找根目录下的profile文件
30 find /root -name 111.txt 查找root目录下的111.txt文件系统信息显示
31 ps -ef 查看进程
32 ps -ef |grep sort 查看名称是sort的进程
33 state 主机属性
34 who 试用该系统有哪些用户
35 who an i 我当前用什么用户登录该系统
36 hostname 主用户名称
37 hostname 123 更改主用户名称
38 uname 系统名称
39 uname -a 更改系统名称
40 top 查询所有进程
41 ps -aux 查询所有进程
42 ps -aux |more 查询所有进程，分页显示
43 ps -ef |top 查询top进程
44 kill -9 5859 杀死进程9859
45 clear 清屏查看当前内存使用情况
46 du 查看当前目录下所有文件的使用情况
47 df 查看所有磁盘的使用情况查看通信状况
48 ntstat -ano |more 查看通信状况备份压缩
49 tar -czvf 1.tar.gz 1.txt 压缩，以gz方式
50 tar -xzvf 1.tar.gz 解压缩
51 tar -cjvf 1.tar.biz2 1.txt 压缩，以biz2方式
52 tar -xjvf 1.tar.biz2 解压缩文本内容编辑
53 vi r.txt 编辑文件；i；ESC；w保存；q退出；q！强制用户管理
54 chmod 777 m.txt rwx421 更改文件的属性
55 addusr 123 增加用户123
56 su 123 切换到用户123
