树的前序遍历(递归和非递归实现)
树的基本遍历是解决树相关问题的基础,所以要很熟悉,理解透彻!
二叉树的结点定义:
class BinaryTree{
public int value;
public BinaryTree leftNode;
public BinaryTree rightNode;
BinaryTree(int x) { value = x; }
}
前序遍历:根左右的原则遍历访问树的所有结点;
void preOrder(BinaryTree root){
if(root !=null){
System.out.println(root.value);
preOrder(root.left);
preOrder(root.right);
}
}
应用:输出一个颗树的所有叶子节点。
void Displayleaf(BinaryTree root){
if(root !=null){
if(root.left!=null && root.right!=null)
System.out.println(root.value);
Displayleaf(root.left);
Displayleaf(root.right);
}
}
这样叶子节点是从左到右边输出的,如果想叶子节点从右往左输出,只需要稍微调整即可。
void Displayleaf(BinaryTree root){
if(root !=null){
if(root.left!=null && root.right!=null)
System.out.println(root.value);
Displayleaf(root.right);
Displayleaf(root.left);
}
}
//求指定元素在一棵树中的第几层:
int level(BinaryTree root ,int m ){
int lh,rh;
if(root==null) return 0;
if(root.value==m) return 1;
lh=level(root.left, m);
if(lh!=0) return (lh+1);
else{
rh=level(root.right, m);
if(rh!=0) return (rh+1);
else return 0;
}
}
//判断两棵树是否相似:(节点心态相同,节点值不论)
int Like(BinaryTree root1 ,BinaryTree root2 ){
int like1,like2;
if(root1==null && root2==null) return 1;
else if(root1==null || root2==null) return 0;
else{
like1=Like(root1.left, root2.left );
like2=Like(root1.right, root2.right);
return (like1 && like2);
}
}
//输出一个二叉树的给定节点的所有祖先:
int ancestor(BinaryTree root ,int m)
{
if(root==null) return 0;
if(root.value==m) return 1;
if(ancestor(root.left, m) || ancestor(root.right, m)){
System.out.println(root.value);
return 1;
}
}
//先序遍历的非递归算法实现:【java实现】
package com.mytest.mymain;
import java.util.Stack;
class BTree{
public int value; //public static int value; 那么最终输出都为8个8
public BTree left;
public BTree right;
BTree(int x) { value = x; }
}
public class PreOrderwithStack {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BTree root=new BTree(1);
BTree Node2=new BTree(2);
BTree Node3=new BTree(3);
BTree Node4=new BTree(4);
BTree Node5=new BTree(5);
BTree Node6=new BTree(6);
BTree Node7=new BTree(7);
BTree Node8=new BTree(8);
root.left=Node2;
root.right=Node3;
Node2.left=Node4;
Node2.right=Node5;
Node3.left=Node6;
Node3.right=Node7;
Node4.left=Node8;
preorderfun(root);
}
public static void preorderfun(BTree root){
Stack<BTree> stack =new Stack<BTree>();
BTree bTree=null;
if(root!=null){
stack.push(root);
while(!stack.isEmpty()){
bTree=stack.pop();
System.out.print(bTree.value+" ");
if(bTree.right!=null){stack.push(bTree.right);}
if(bTree.left!=null){stack.push(bTree.left);}
}
}
}
}
//注意入栈顺序:
if(bTree.right!=null){stack.push(bTree.right);}
if(bTree.left!=null){stack.push(bTree.left);}