int main()
{
    PyObject *pName, *pModule, *pArgs, *pValue, *pFunc;
    PyObject *pGlobal = PyDict_New();
    PyObject *pLocal;

    //Create a new module object
    PyObject *pNewMod = PyModule_New("mymod");

    Py_Initialize();
    PyModule_AddStringConstant(pNewMod, "__file__", "");

    //Get the dictionary object from my module so I can pass this to PyRun_String
    pLocal = PyModule_GetDict(pNewMod);

    //Define my function in the newly created module
    pValue = PyRun_String("def blah(x):\n\tprint 5 * x\n\treturn 77\n", Py_file_input, pGlobal, pLocal);
    Py_DECREF(pValue);

    //Get a pointer to the function I just defined
    pFunc = PyObject_GetAttrString(pNewMod, "blah");

    //Build a tuple to hold my arguments (just the number 4 in this case)
    pArgs = PyTuple_New(1);
    pValue = PyInt_FromLong(4);
    PyTuple_SetItem(pArgs, 0, pValue);

    //Call my function, passing it the number four
    pValue = PyObject_CallObject(pFunc, pArgs);
    Py_DECREF(pArgs);
    printf("Returned val: %ld\n", PyInt_AsLong(pValue));
    Py_DECREF(pValue);

    Py_XDECREF(pFunc);
    Py_DECREF(pNewMod);
    Py_Finalize();

    return 0;
}

参考：
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/3789881/create-and-call-python-function-from-string-via-c-api?s=737aab37-4e1e-4945-a887-16dd97cfece1#new-answer