Linux添加用户组和添加用户

1.用户组

  • 添加组:groupadd 组名
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# groupadd dev
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# cat /etc/group | grep dev
    dev:x:10011:
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]#
  • 删除组:groupdel 组名
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# groupdel dev
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# cat /etc/group | grep dev
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]#
  • 查询组:cat /etc/group 或者使用管道来精确查询 cat /etc/group | grep dev
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# cat /etc/group
    root:x:0:
    bin:x:1:
    daemon:x:2:
    sys:x:3:
    adm:x:4:
    tty:x:5:
    disk:x:6:
    lp:x:7:
    mem:x:8:
    kmem:x:9:
    wheel:x:10:
    cdrom:x:11:
    mail:x:12:postfix
    man:x:15:
    dialout:x:18:
    floppy:x:19:
    games:x:20:
    tape:x:30:
    video:x:39:
    ftp:x:50:
    lock:x:54:
    audio:x:63:
    nobody:x:99:
    users:x:100:
    utmp:x:22:
    utempter:x:35:
    ssh_keys:x:999:
    input:x:998:
    systemd-journal:x:190:
    systemd-bus-proxy:x:997:
    systemd-network:x:192:
    dbus:x:81:
    polkitd:x:996:
    tss:x:59:
    dip:x:40:
    postdrop:x:90:
    postfix:x:89:
    sshd:x:74:
    check:x:1000:check
    cfyuser:x:10000:
    consul:x:10002:
    rabbitmq:x:10003:
    mysql:x:10009:
    prometheus:x:10004:
    grafana:x:10005:
    logstash:x:10006:
    nginx:x:995:
    tomcat:x:10008:
    guanbin:x:10010:
    dev:x:10011:

     

        /etc 目录是专门用来保存 系统配置信息 的目录

        group 是保存组信息的文件

2.用户

  •  添加用户:useradd -m -g 组 新建用户名            注意:-m 自动建立用户家目录; -g 指定用户所在的组,否则会建立一个和用户名同名的组 
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# useradd -m -g dev test1
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]#

    dev为用户组,test1为用户名

  • 查询用户:在/etc/passwd文件下存储的是用户的list
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# cat /etc/passwd
    root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
    bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin
    daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin
    adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin
    lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin
    sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync
    shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown
    halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
    mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
    operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin
    games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin
    ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin
    nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
    systemd-bus-proxy:x:999:997:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/sbin/nologin
    systemd-network:x:192:192:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin
    dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
    polkitd:x:998:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin
    tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin
    postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
    sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
    check:x:1000:1000:check:/home/check:/bin/bash
    cfyuser:x:10000:10000::/home/cfyuser:/bin/bash
    consul:x:10002:10002::/opt/cloudchef/consul:/sbin/nologin
    rabbitmq:x:10003:10003::/etc/rabbitmq:/sbin/nologin
    mysql:x:10009:10009::/home/mysql:/bin/bash
    prometheus:x:10004:10004::/home/prometheus:/sbin/nologin
    grafana:x:10005:10005::/home/grafana:/bin/bash
    logstash:x:10006:10006::/home/logstash:/bin/bash
    nginx:x:997:995:nginx user:/var/cache/nginx:/sbin/nologin
    tomcat:x:10008:10008::/opt/cloudchef/tomcat:/sbin/nologin
    test:x:10010:10010::/home/test:/bin/bash
    test1:x:10011:10011::/home/test1:/bin/bash

     

  • 只查找test1用户
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# id test1
    uid=10011(test1) gid=10011(dev) groups=10011(dev)
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]#

    uid为用户id,  gid为组id

  • 修改和创建密码 passwd 用户名    如果不加用户名则默认修改当前登录者的密码
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd test1
    Changing password for user test1.
    New password:
    BAD PASSWORD: The password is shorter than 8 characters
    Retype new password:
    passwd: all authentication tokens updated successfully.
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]#

    设置好密码后,使用此账号和密码登录

    ➜  ~ ssh test1@192.168.85.163
    test1@192.168.85.163's password:
    Last failed login: Mon Jul 22 17:00:05 CST 2019 from 192.168.1.53 on ssh:notty
    There were 3 failed login attempts since the last successful login.
    [test1@Server-n93yom ~]$

     

  • 设置用户不能修改密码
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd -l test1     //在root下,禁止test1用户修改密码的权限
    Locking password for user test1.            //锁住test1不能修改密码
    passwd: Success
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# su test1            //切换用户
    [test1@Server-n93yom root]$ passwd          //修改密码
    Changing password for user test1.
    Changing password for test1.
    (current) UNIX password:
    passwd: Authentication token manipulation error  //没用权限修改密码
    [test1@Server-n93yom root]$

     

  • 清除密码
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd -d test1    //删除test1的密码
    Removing password for user test1.
    passwd: Success
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd -S test1     //查看test1的密码
    test1 NP 2019-07-22 0 99999 7 -1 (Empty password.)   //密码为空
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]#

     

  • passwd 帮助命令
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# passwd --help
    Usage: passwd [OPTION...] <accountName>
      -k, --keep-tokens       keep non-expired authentication tokens
      -d, --delete            delete the password for the named account (root only)
      -l, --lock              lock the password for the named account (root only)
      -u, --unlock            unlock the password for the named account (root only)
      -e, --expire            expire the password for the named account (root only)
      -f, --force             force operation
      -x, --maximum=DAYS      maximum password lifetime (root only)
      -n, --minimum=DAYS      minimum password lifetime (root only)
      -w, --warning=DAYS      number of days warning users receives before password
                              expiration (root only)
      -i, --inactive=DAYS     number of days after password expiration when an account
                              becomes disabled (root only)
      -S, --status            report password status on the named account (root only)
      --stdin                 read new tokens from stdin (root only)
    
    Help options:
      -?, --help              Show this help message
      --usage                 Display brief usage message
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]#

     

3.设置密码失效时间

 

 

  • 可以编辑/etc/login.defs来设定几个参数,以后设置口令默认就按照参数设定为准:
    PASS_MAX_DAYS   99999
    PASS_MIN_DAYS   0
    PASS_MIN_LEN    5
    PASS_WARN_AGE   7

     

  • 当然在/etc/default/useradd可以找到如下2个参数进行设置:

    # useradd defaults file
    GROUP=100
    HOME=/home
    INACTIVE=-1
    EXPIRE=
    SHELL=/bin/bash
    SKEL=/etc/skel
    CREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes

    通过修改配置文件,能对之后新建用户起作用,而目前系统已经存在的用户,则直接用chage来配置。

  • chage [选项] 用户名

    chage命令是用来修改帐号和密码的有效期限。

    -m:密码可更改的最小天数。为零时代表任何时候都可以更改密码。
    -M:密码保持有效的最大天数。
    -w:用户密码到期前,提前收到警告信息的天数。
    -E:帐号到期的日期。过了这天,此帐号将不可用。
    -d:上一次更改的日期。
    -i:停滞时期。如果一个密码已过期这些天,那么此帐号将不可用。
    -l:例出当前的设置。由非特权用户来确定他们的密码或帐号何时过期。

     

  • chage -l root 查root账号的信息

    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# chage -l root
    Last password change                    : Jul 22, 2019
    Password expires                    : never
    Password inactive                    : never
    Account expires                        : never
    Minimum number of days between password change        : 0
    Maximum number of days between password change        : 99999
    Number of days of warning before password expires    : 7
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]#

     

      

  • chage -M 60 test  设置密码过期时间为60天
  • chage -I 5 test    设置密码失效时间为5天
  • 以test1账号为例,再查一次信息账号信息
    [root@Server-n93yom ~]# chage -l test1
    Last password change                    : Jul 22, 2019
    Password expires                    : Sep 20, 2019
    Password inactive                    : Sep 25, 2019
    Account expires                        : never
    Minimum number of days between password change        : 0
    Maximum number of days between password change        : 60
    Number of days of warning before password expires    : 7

    从上述命令可以看到,在密码过期后5天,密码自动失效,这个用户将无法登陆系统了。

     

 

 

    原文作者:纵码万水千山
    原文地址: https://www.cnblogs.com/guanbin-529/p/11227069.html
    本文转自网络文章,转载此文章仅为分享知识,如有侵权,请联系博主进行删除。
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