互斥锁和信号量都是操作系统中为并发编程设计基本概念,互斥锁和信号量的概念上的不同在于,对于同一个资源,互斥锁只有0和1 的概念,而信号量不止于此。也就是说,信号量可以使资源同时被多个线程访问,而互斥锁同时只能被一个线程访问
互斥锁在java中的实现就是 ReetranLock , 在访问一个同步资源时,它的对象需要通过方法 tryLock() 获得这个锁,如果失败,返回 false,成功返回true。根据返回的信息来判断是否要访问这个被同步的资源。看下面的例子
public class ReentranLockExample {
private static int count = 0;
private static ReentrantLock reentrantLock = new ReentrantLock();
static class MyThread extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
try {
while (true){
boolean result = reentrantLock.tryLock();
if (result){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "get the lock success and run the syn code " + count ++);
reentrantLock.unlock();
}else{
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "get the lock failed and run the syn code " + count);
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "run the asyntronized code " + count);
Thread.sleep(500);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
MyThread thread1 = new MyThread();
MyThread thread2 = new MyThread();
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
}
}
信号量相当于一个计数器,如果线程想要访问某个资源,则先要获得这个资源的信号量,并且信号量内部的计数器减1 ,信号量内部的计数器大于0则意味着有可以使用的资源,当线程使用完某个资源时,必须释放这个资源的信号量。信号量的一个作用就是可以实现指定个线程去同事访问某个资源。只需要在初始化 。
信号量在 Java中的实现是 Semaphore ,其在初始化时传入一个整型数, 用来指定同步资源最大的并发访问量
public class SemaphoreExample {
private static Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(2);
private String lock = "lock";
private static int count = 0;
static class MyThread extends Thread {
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
try {
while (true) {
semaphore.acquire();
Thread.sleep(500);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "get the lock success and run the syn code " + count++);
semaphore.release();
Thread.sleep(500);
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
MyThread thread1 = new MyThread();
MyThread thread2 = new MyThread();
MyThread thread3 = new MyThread();
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
thread3.start();
}
}
CountDownLatch 实现一个等待机制,在诸如 等待与会者到达后,开始会议的使用中。ConutDownLatch 在初始化中一个计数器,用来指定需要等待的个数。在并发编程中,所解决的需求就是,等待所有的线程到达某个点后。才开始进行下一步,有点类似于开会,只有当所有的与会人员都到齐后,会议才能开始
public class CountDownLatchExample {
private static CountDownLatch mCountDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(3);
static class MyThread extends Thread {
int awaitTime;
public MyThread(int i) {
this.awaitTime = i;
}
@Override
public void run() {
super.run();
try {
while (true) {
Thread.sleep(awaitTime);
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "arrived " );
mCountDownLatch.countDown();
mCountDownLatch.await(); //可以指定等待时间
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "start meeting " );
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
public static void main(String[] args){
MyThread thread1 = new MyThread(500);
MyThread thread2 = new MyThread(1000);
MyThread thread3 = new MyThread(2000);
thread1.start();
thread2.start();
thread3.start();
}
}