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这篇文章主要介绍了Oracle外键不加索引引起死锁的情况及解决,需要的朋友可以参考下

–创建一个表，此表作为子表

create table fk_t as select * from user_objects;

delete from fk_t where object_id is null;

commit;

–创建一个表，此表作为父表

create table pk_t as select * from user_objects;

delete from pk_t where object_id is null;

commit;

–创建父表的主键

alter table PK_t add constraint pk_pktable primary key (OBJECT_ID);

–创建子表的外键

alter table FK_t add constraint fk_fktable foreign key (OBJECT_ID) references pk_t (OBJECT_ID);

–session1:执行一个删除操作，这时候在子表和父表上都加了一个Row-S(SX)锁

delete from fk_t where object_id=100;

delete from pk_t where object_id=100;

–session2:执行另一个删除操作，发现这时候第二个删除语句等待

delete from fk_t where object_id=200;

delete from pk_t where object_id=200;

–回到session1:死锁马上发生

delete from pk_t where object_id=100;

session2中报错：

SQL> delete from pk_table where object_id=200;
delete from pk_table where object_id=200
*
第 1 行出现错误:

ORA-00060: 等待资源时检测到死锁

当对子表的外键列添加索引后，死锁被消除，因为这时删除父表记录不需要对子表加表级锁。

–为外键建立索引

create index ind_pk_object_id on fk_t(object_id) nologging;

–重复上面的操作session1

delete from fk_t where object_id=100;

delete from pk_t where object_id=100;

–session2

delete from fk_t where object_id=200;

delete from pk_t where object_id=200;

–回到session1不会发生死锁

delete from pk_t where object_id=100; 

关于外键不加索引引起死锁的详细分析参考http://blog.csdn.net/robinson1988/article/details/38421991

经过验证，如果外键不加索引的确会出现死锁。因此，外键务必添加索引。