IOS网络访问之使用AFNetworking

2023年6月25日 216次阅读

　　基于NSURLConnection的API 　　
提交GET请求 　　AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager]; 　　[manager GET:@”http://example.com/resources.json” parameters:nil success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) { 　　NSLog(@”JSON: %@”, responseObject); 　　} failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) { 　　NSLog(@”Error: %@”, error); 　　}]; 　　AFResponseSerializer 　　上面代码中responseObject代表了返回的值，当网络返回json或者xml之类的数据时，它们的本质都是字符串，我们需要通过一定操作才能把字符串转成希望的对象，AFNetWorking通过设置AFHTTPRequestOperationManager对象的responseSerializer属性替我们做了这些事。　　如果返回的数据时json格式，那么我们设定　　manager.responseSerializer = [[AFJSONResponseSerializer alloc] init]，responseObject就是获得的json的根对象（NSDictionary或者NSArray）　　如果返回的是plist格式我们就用AFPropertyListResponseSerializer解析器　　如果返回的是xml格式我们就用AFXMLParserResponseSerializer解析器，responseObject代表了NSXMLParser对像　　如果返回的是图片，可以使用AFImageResponseSerializer 　　如果只是希望获得返回二进制格式，那么可以使用AFHTTPResponseSerializer 　　AFRequestSerializer 　　AFHTTPRequestOperationManager还可以通过设置requestSeializer属性设置请求的格式　
　有如下的请求地址与参数 　　NSString *URLString = @”http://example.com”; 　　NSDictionary *parameters = @{@”foo”: @”bar”, @”baz”: @[@1, @2, @3]}; 　　我们使用AFHTTPRequestSerializer的GET提交方式　　[[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] requestWithMethod:@”GET” URLString:URLString parameters:parameters error:nil]; 　　GET http://example.com?foo=bar&baz[]=1&baz[]=2&baz[]=3 　　我们使用AFHTTPRequestSerializer的POST提交方式　　[[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] requestWithMethod:@”POST” URLString:URLString parameters:parameters]; 　　POST http://example.com/ 　　Content-Type: application/x-www-form-urlencoded 　　foo=bar&baz[]=1&baz[]=2&baz[]=3 　　我们使用AFJSONRequestSerializer 　　[[AFJSONRequestSerializer serializer] requestWithMethod:@”POST” URLString:URLString parameters:parameters]; 　　POST http://example.com/ 　　Content-Type: application/json 　　{“foo”: “bar”, “baz”: [1,2,3]}
　　默认提交请求的数据是二进制（AFHTTPRequestSerializer）的,返回格式是JSON（AFJSONResponseSerializer）

提交POST请求

AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager]; NSDictionary *parameters = @{@”foo”: @”bar”}; [manager POST:@”http://example.com/resources.json” parameters:parameters success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) { NSLog(@”JSON: %@”, responseObject); } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) { NSLog(@”Error: %@”, error); }];

　　提交POST请求时附带文件

AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [AFHTTPRequestOperationManager manager]; NSDictionary *parameters = @{@”foo”: @”bar”}; NSURL *filePath = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@”file://path/to/image.png”]; [manager POST:@”http://example.com/resources.json” parameters:parameters constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) { [formData appendPartWithFileURL:filePath name:@”image” error:nil]; } success:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, id responseObject) { NSLog(@”Success: %@”, responseObject); } failure:^(AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation, NSError *error) { NSLog(@”Error: %@”, error); }];

　　也可以通过appendPartWithFileData上传NSData数据的文件　　AFHTTPRequestOperation 　　除了使用AFHTTPRequestOperationManager访问网络外还可以通过AFHTTPRequestOperation，AFHTTPRequestOperation继承自AFURLConnectionOperation，　　AFURLConnectionOperation继承自NSOperation，所以可以通过AFHTTPRequestOperation定义了一个网络请求任务，然后添加到队列中执行。

NSMutableArray *mutableOperations = [NSMutableArray array]; for (NSURL *fileURL in filesToUpload) { NSURLRequest *request = [[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] multipartFormRequestWithMethod:@”POST” URLString:@”http://example.com/upload” parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) { [formData appendPartWithFileURL:fileURL name:@”images[]” error:nil]; }]; AFHTTPRequestOperation *operation = [[AFHTTPRequestOperation alloc] initWithRequest:request]; [mutableOperations addObject:operation]; } NSArray *operations = [AFURLConnectionOperation batchOfRequestOperations:@[…] progressBlock:^(NSUInteger numberOfFinishedOperations, NSUInteger totalNumberOfOperations) { NSLog(@”%lu of %lu complete”, numberOfFinishedOperations, totalNumberOfOperations); } completionBlock:^(NSArray *operations) { NSLog(@”All operations in batch complete”); }]; [[NSOperationQueue mainQueue] addOperations:operations waitUntilFinished:NO];

　　批量任务处理

　　上面的API是基于NSURLConnection，IOS7之后AFNetWorking还提供了基于NSURLSession的API 　　
基于NSURLSession的API 　　下载任务

NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]; AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration]; NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@”http://example.com/download.zip”]; NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL]; NSURLSessionDownloadTask *downloadTask = [manager downloadTaskWithRequest:request progress:nil destination:^NSURL *(NSURL *targetPath, NSURLResponse *response) { NSURL *documentsDirectoryURL = [[NSFileManager defaultManager] URLForDirectory:NSDocumentDirectory inDomain:NSUserDomainMask appropriateForURL:nil create:NO error:nil]; return [documentsDirectoryURL URLByAppendingPathComponent:[response suggestedFilename]]; } completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, NSURL *filePath, NSError *error) { NSLog(@”File downloaded to: %@”, filePath); }]; [downloadTask resume];

　　文件上传任务

NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]; AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration]; NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@”http://example.com/upload”]; NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL]; NSURL *filePath = [NSURL fileURLWithPath:@”file://path/to/image.png”]; NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask = [manager uploadTaskWithRequest:request fromFile:filePath progress:nil completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) { if (error) { NSLog(@”Error: %@”, error); } else { NSLog(@”Success: %@ %@”, response, responseObject); } }]; [uploadTask resume];

　　带进度的文件上传

NSMutableURLRequest *request = [[AFHTTPRequestSerializer serializer] multipartFormRequestWithMethod:@”POST” URLString:@”http://example.com/upload” parameters:nil constructingBodyWithBlock:^(id<AFMultipartFormData> formData) { [formData appendPartWithFileURL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:@”file://path/to/image.jpg”] name:@”file” fileName:@”filename.jpg” mimeType:@”image/jpeg” error:nil]; } error:nil]; AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:[NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]]; NSProgress *progress = nil; NSURLSessionUploadTask *uploadTask = [manager uploadTaskWithStreamedRequest:request progress:&progress completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) { if (error) { NSLog(@”Error: %@”, error); } else { NSLog(@”%@ %@”, response, responseObject); } }]; [uploadTask resume]; NSURLSessionDataTask NSURLSessionConfiguration *configuration = [NSURLSessionConfiguration defaultSessionConfiguration]; AFURLSessionManager *manager = [[AFURLSessionManager alloc] initWithSessionConfiguration:configuration]; NSURL *URL = [NSURL URLWithString:@”http://example.com/upload”]; NSURLRequest *request = [NSURLRequest requestWithURL:URL]; NSURLSessionDataTask *dataTask = [manager dataTaskWithRequest:request completionHandler:^(NSURLResponse *response, id responseObject, NSError *error) { if (error) { NSLog(@”Error: %@”, error); } else { NSLog(@”%@ %@”, response, responseObject); } }]; [dataTask resume];

　　
查看网络状态 　　苹果官方提供Reachablity用来查看网络状态，AFNetWorking也提供这方面的API

NSURL *baseURL = [NSURL URLWithString:@”http://example.com/”]; AFHTTPRequestOperationManager *manager = [[AFHTTPRequestOperationManager alloc] initWithBaseURL:baseURL]; NSOperationQueue *operationQueue = manager.operationQueue; [manager.reachabilityManager setReachabilityStatusChangeBlock:^(AFNetworkReachabilityStatus status) { switch (status) { case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWWAN: case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusReachableViaWiFi: [operationQueue setSuspended:NO]; break; case AFNetworkReachabilityStatusNotReachable: default: [operationQueue setSuspended:YES]; break; } }]; //开始监控 [manager.reachabilityManager startMonitoring];

最新内容请见作者的GitHub页：http://qaseven.github.io/