安装helm服务以及搭建Helm测试环境

2023年12月4日 499次阅读来源: 我私人的kernel

要求

You must have Kubernetes installed. We recommend version 1.4.1 or later.
You should also have a local configured copy of kubectl.

Helm will figure out where to install Tiller by reading your Kubernetes configuration file (usually $HOME/.kube/config). This is the same file that kubectl uses.

下载

HELM_VERSION=${K8S_VERSION:-"2.5.0"}
HELM="helm-v${HELM_VERSION}-linux-amd64"

curl -L https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-helm/$HELM.tar.gz -o $HELM.tar.gz

tar -xvzf  $HELM.tar.gz -C /tmp

mv /tmp/linux-amd64/helm /usr/local/bin/helm

各release版本:

https://github.com/kubernetes/helm/releases

tiller(helm服务端)

安装

in-cluster安装(安装在k8s集群上)
```
helm init
```
正常的话,会在k8s集群的kube-system安装一个tiller pod.
默认使用的是~/.kube/config中的CurrentContext来指定部署的k8s集群.
可以通过设置环境变量$KUBECONFIG指定kubectl配置文件以及使用–context指定context来指定部署的集群.
local 安装
```
 /bin/tiller
```
这种情况下默认会访问kubectl默认配置文件($HOME/.kube/conf)的CurrentContext关联的k8s集群(用于存放数据等等).
也可以通过$KUBECONFIG来指定连接的k8s集群的配置文件
必须通知helm不要连接集群上的tiller,而连接到本地安装的tiller.两种方式
- helm –host=<ip>
- export HELM_HOST=localhost:44134

指定集群安装说明

As with the rest of the Helm commands, 'helm init' discovers Kubernetes clusters
by reading $KUBECONFIG (default '~/.kube/config') and using the default context.

helm指定特定的kubectl配置中特定的context dev描述的集群去部署:

export KUBECONFIG="/path/to/kubeconfig"
helm init --kube-context="dev"

存储

tiller支持两种存储:

memory
storage.

无论使用哪种部署方式,这两种存储都可以使用.memory存储在tiller重启后,release等数据会丢失.

现象

执行helm init后,会

root@node01:~# helm init
Creating /root/.helm 
Creating /root/.helm/repository 
Creating /root/.helm/repository/cache 
Creating /root/.helm/repository/local 
Creating /root/.helm/plugins 
Creating /root/.helm/starters 
Creating /root/.helm/repository/repositories.yaml 
$HELM_HOME has been configured at /root/.helm.

Tiller (the helm server side component) has been installed into your Kubernetes Cluster.

在k8s集群kube-system namespace下安装了deployment tiller-deploy和service tiller-deploy.

补充 :

如果执行helm init --client-only,不会安装tiller,只会创建helm home中目录中的文件,并配置$HELM_HOME环境变量
如果$HELM_HOME目录下已经存在欲创建的文件,不会重新创建或者修改.不存在的文件/目录则会创建.

TroubleShooting

Context deadline exceeded

root@node01:~# helm version --debug
[debug] SERVER: "localhost:44134"
Client: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.5.0", GitCommit:"012cb0ac1a1b2f888144ef5a67b8dab6c2d45be6", GitTreeState:"clean"}
[debug] context deadline exceeded
Error: cannot connect to Tiller

https://github.com/kubernetes/helm/issues/2409
未解决.

尝试了几次,又成功了.

unset HELM_HOST(之前设置了HELM_HOST为127.0.0.1:44134,而且更改了svc tiller-deploy为NodePort)
卸载后(移除tiller相关svc,deploy以及/root/.helm目录),重新安装
正常了.

socat not found

root@node01:~# helm version
Client: &version.Version{SemVer:"v2.5.0", GitCommit:"012cb0ac1a1b2f888144ef5a67b8dab6c2d45be6", GitTreeState:"clean"}
E0711 10:09:50.160064   10916 portforward.go:332] an error occurred forwarding 33491 -> 44134: error forwarding port 44134 to pod tiller-deploy-542252878-15h67_kube-system, uid : unable to do port forwarding: socat not found.
Error: cannot connect to Tiller

已解决:
在kubelet node上安装socat即可.https://github.com/kubernetes/helm/issues/966

卸载

helm reset将会移除tiller在k8s集群上创建的pod
当出现上面的context deadline exceeded时, helm reset同样会报该错误.执行heml reset -f强制删除k8s集群上的pod.
当要移除helm init创建的目录等数据时,执行helm reset --remove-helm-home

补充

2.5版本安装的tiller,在出现context deadline exceeded时,使用2.4版本的helm执行heml reset --remove-helm-home --force并不能移除tiller创建的pod和配置.这是2.4版本的问题.

测试环境

本地tiller

tiller

wwh@wwh:~/kiongf/go/src/k8s.io/helm/bin$ ./tiller 
[main] 2017/07/26 14:59:54 Starting Tiller v2.5+unreleased (tls=false)
[main] 2017/07/26 14:59:54 GRPC listening on :44134
[main] 2017/07/26 14:59:54 Probes listening on :44135
[main] 2017/07/26 14:59:54 Storage driver is ConfigMap

参考

https://docs.helm.sh/using_helm/#running-tiller-locally

When Tiller is running locally, it will attempt to connect to the Kubernetes cluster that is configured by kubectl. (Run kubectl config view to see which cluster that is.)

kubectl config view读的就是~/.kube/config文件

helm

wwh@wwh:~/kiongf/go/src/k8s.io/helm/bin$ export HELM_HOST=localhost:44134
wwh@wwh:~/kiongf/go/src/k8s.io/helm/bin$ ./helm init --client-only
Creating /home/wwh/.helm 
Creating /home/wwh/.helm/repository 
Creating /home/wwh/.helm/repository/cache 
Creating /home/wwh/.helm/repository/local 
Creating /home/wwh/.helm/plugins 
Creating /home/wwh/.helm/starters 
Creating /home/wwh/.helm/cache/archive 
Creating /home/wwh/.helm/repository/repositories.yaml 
$HELM_HOME has been configured at /home/wwh/.helm.
Not installing Tiller due to 'client-only' flag having been set
Happy Helming!

必须要执行helm init --client-only来初始化helm home下的目录结构.否则helm repo list会报以下的错误:

wwh@wwh:~/kiongf/go/src/k8s.io/helm/bin$ ./helm repo list
Error: open /home/wwh/.helm/repository/repositories.yaml: no such file or directory

警告

这种方法如果k8s集群,没有办法测试helm install ./testChart --dry-run类似的命令,
即使通过./tiller -storage=memory配置存储为内存

本地tiller,但指定后端的K8s集群

tiller

在本地运行tiller,但指定后端运行的k8s集群

//指定后端k8s集群的路径,tiller在初始化kube client的时候会使用该配置文件
//作为kube client的配置文件.
  export KUBECONFIG=/tmp/k8sconfig-688597196
  ./tiller

helm

helm还是和之前的一样.

tiller存储测试

实验configmap

# 用local方安装tiller,指定后端k8s集群, 存储为configmap(默认)
 export KUBECONFIG=/tmp/k8sconfig-688597196
 ./tiller 
 
# 启动另一个shell
wwh@wwh:~/kiongf/go/src/k8s.io/helm/bin$ export HELM_HOST=localhost:44134
wwh@wwh:~/kiongf/go/src/k8s.io/helm/bin$ ./helm init --client-only
wwh@wwh:~/kiongf/go/src/k8s.io/helm/bin$ ./helm install stable/wordpress --debug
# release安装成功
wwh@wwh:~/kiongf/go/src/k8s.io/helm/bin$ ./helm list
NAME                REVISION    UPDATED                     STATUS      CHART           NAMESPACE
tinseled-warthog    1           Fri Aug 25 17:13:53 2017    DEPLOYED    wordpress-0.6.8 default
# 查看集群的configmap
wwh@wwh:~/kiongf/go/src/k8s.io/helm/bin$ kubectl --kubeconfig=/tmp/k8sconfig-688597196 get configmap --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                                 DATA      AGE
kube-public   cluster-info                         2         6d
kube-system   calico-config                        3         6d
kube-system   extension-apiserver-authentication   6         6d
kube-system   kube-proxy                           1         6d
kube-system   tinseled-warthog.v1                  1         1m
# 删除release, 这时候这个configmap仍然存在
wwh@wwh:~/kiongf/go/src/k8s.io/helm/bin$ ./helm delete tinseled-warthog
release "tinseled-warthog" deleted
wwh@wwh:~/kiongf/go/src/k8s.io/helm/bin$ kubectl --kubeconfig=/tmp/k8sconfig-688597196 get configmap --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                                 DATA      AGE
kube-public   cluster-info                         2         6d
kube-system   calico-config                        3         6d
kube-system   extension-apiserver-authentication   6         6d
kube-system   kube-proxy                           1         6d
kube-system   tinseled-warthog.v1       
# 执行helm delete <release> --purge
wwh@wwh:~/kiongf/go/src/k8s.io/helm/bin$ ./helm delete tinseled-warthog --purge
release "tinseled-warthog" deleted
# configmap上的数据已经被清除.
wwh@wwh:~/kiongf/go/src/k8s.io/helm/bin$ kubectl --kubeconfig=/tmp/k8sconfig-688597196 get configmap --all-namespaces
NAMESPACE     NAME                                 DATA      AGE
kube-public   cluster-info                         2         6d
kube-system   calico-config                        3         6d
kube-system   extension-apiserver-authentication   6         6d
kube-system   kube-proxy                           1         6d

    原文作者：我私人的kernel
    原文地址: https://www.jianshu.com/p/0ba2ee3ce248
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