Doing Homework

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 3595    Accepted Submission(s): 1424

Problem Description Ignatius has just come back school from the 30th ACM/ICPC. Now he has a lot of homework to do. Every teacher gives him a deadline of handing in the homework. If Ignatius hands in the homework after the deadline, the teacher will reduce his score of the final test, 1 day for 1 point. And as you know, doing homework always takes a long time. So Ignatius wants you to help him to arrange the order of doing homework to minimize the reduced score.  

Input The input contains several test cases. The first line of the input is a single integer T which is the number of test cases. T test cases follow.

Each test case start with a positive integer N(1<=N<=15) which indicate the number of homework. Then N lines follow. Each line contains a string S(the subject’s name, each string will at most has 100 characters) and two integers D(the deadline of the subject), C(how many days will it take Ignatius to finish this subject’s homework). 

Note: All the subject names are given in the alphabet increasing order. So you may process the problem much easier.  

Output For each test case, you should output the smallest total reduced score, then give out the order of the subjects, one subject in a line. If there are more than one orders, you should output the alphabet smallest one.  

Sample Input 2 3 Computer 3 3 English 20 1 Math 3 2 3 Computer 3 3 English 6 3 Math 6 3  

Sample Output 2 Computer Math English 3 Computer English Math
Hint In the second test case, both Computer->English->Math and Computer->Math->English leads to reduce 3 points, but the word “English” appears earlier than the word “Math”, so we choose the first order. That is so-called alphabet order.  

Author Ignatius.L         以前做过的题目。 复习DP又做到了 状态压缩DP，写多了自然理解更加深入了  

/*
HDU 1074
1<=N<=15
采用状态压缩DP
需要输出顺序，用pre数组。
因为一开始是按照字典序排列的，所以从小到大dp可以输出字典序最小的解
*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <string.h>
using namespace std;
const int MAXN=16;
const int INF=0x3f3f3f3f;
struct Node
{
    char name[110];
    int D,C;
}node[MAXN];
int dp[1<<MAXN];
int pre[1<<MAXN];
int n;

void output(int status)
{
    if(status==0)return;
    int t=0;
    for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
      if( (status&(1<<i))!=0 && (pre[status]&(1<<i))==0 )
      {
          t=i;
          break;
      }
    output(pre[status]);
    printf("%s\n",node[t].name);
}

int main()
{
    int T;
    scanf("%d",&T);
    while(T--)
    {
        scanf("%d",&n);
        for(int i=0;i<n;i++)
          scanf("%s%d%d",&node[i].name,&node[i].D,&node[i].C);
        for(int i=0;i<(1<<n);i++)
          dp[i]=INF;
        dp[0]=0;
        for(int i=0;i<(1<<n);i++)
        {
            for(int j=0;j<n;j++)
            {
                if(i&(1<<j))continue;
                int s=0;
                for(int k=0;k<n;k++)
                  if(i&(1<<k))
                     s+=node[k].C;
                s+=node[j].C;
                if(s>node[j].D)s=s-node[j].D;
                else s=0;
                if(dp[i|(1<<j)]>dp[i]+s)
                {
                    dp[i|(1<<j)]=dp[i]+s;
                    pre[i|(1<<j)]=i;
                }
            }
        }
        printf("%d\n",dp[(1<<n)-1]);
        output((1<<n)-1);
    }
    return 0;
}