3-idiots
Time Limit: 10000/5000 MS (Java/Others) Memory Limit: 32768/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 216 Accepted Submission(s): 73
Problem Description King OMeGa catched three men who had been streaking in the street. Looking as idiots though, the three men insisted that it was a kind of performance art, and begged the king to free them. Out of hatred to the real idiots, the king wanted to check if they were lying. The three men were sent to the king’s forest, and each of them was asked to pick a branch one after another. If the three branches they bring back can form a triangle, their math ability would save them. Otherwise, they would be sent into jail.
However, the three men were exactly idiots, and what they would do is only to pick the branches randomly. Certainly, they couldn’t pick the same branch – but the one with the same length as another is available. Given the lengths of all branches in the forest, determine the probability that they would be saved.
Input An integer T(T≤100) will exist in the first line of input, indicating the number of test cases.
Each test case begins with the number of branches N(3≤N≤10
5).
The following line contains N integers a_i (1≤a_i≤10
5), which denotes the length of each branch, respectively.
Output Output the probability that their branches can form a triangle, in accuracy of 7 decimal places.
Sample Input 2 4 1 3 3 4 4 2 3 3 4
Sample Output 0.5000000 1.0000000
Source
2013 Multi-University Training Contest 1
Recommend liuyiding
学会了FFT。
这题就很容易了。
其实题目是给了n条线段。问随机取三个,可以组成三角形的概率。
其实就是要求n条线段,选3条组成三角形的选法有多少种。
首先题目给了a数组,
如样例一:
4
1 3 3 4
把这个数组转化成num数组,num[i]表示长度为i的有num[i]条。
样例一就是
num = {0 1 0 2 1}
代表长度0的有0根,长度为1的有1根,长度为2的有0根,长度为3的有两根,长度为4的有1根。
使用FFT解决的问题就是num数组和num数组卷积。
num数组和num数组卷积的解决,其实就是从{1 3 3 4}取一个数,从{1 3 3 4}再取一个数,他们的和每个值各有多少个
例如{0 1 0 2 1}*{0 1 0 2 1} 卷积的结果应该是{0 0 1 0 4 2 4 4 1 }
长度为n的数组和长度为m的数组卷积,结果是长度为n+m-1的数组。
{0 1 0 2 1}*{0 1 0 2 1} 卷积的结果应该是{0 0 1 0 4 2 4 4 1 }。
这个结果的意义如下:
从{1 3 3 4}取一个数,从{1 3 3 4}再取一个数
取两个数和为 2 的取法是一种:1+1
和为 4 的取法有四种:1+3, 1+3 ,3+1 ,3+1
和为 5 的取法有两种:1+4 ,4+1;
和为 6的取法有四种:3+3,3+3,3+3,3+3,3+3
和为 7 的取法有四种: 3+4,3+4,4+3,4+3
和为 8 的取法有 一种:4+4
利用FFT可以快速求取循环卷积,具体求解过程不解释了,就是DFT和FFT的基本理论了。
总之FFT就是快速求到了num和num卷积的结果。只要长度满足>=n+m+1.那么就可以用循环卷积得到线性卷积了。
弄完FFT得到一个num数组,这个数组的含义在上面解释过了。
while( len < 2*len1 )len <<= 1; for(int i = 0;i < len1;i++) x1[i] = complex(num[i],0); for(int i = len1;i < len;i++) x1[i] = complex(0,0); fft(x1,len,1); for(int i = 0;i < len;i++) x1[i] = x1[i]*x1[i]; fft(x1,len,-1); for(int i = 0;i < len;i++) num[i] = (long long)(x1[i].r+0.5);
这里代码中的num数组就是卷积后的结果,表示两两组合。
但是题目中本身和本身组合是不行的,所有把取同一个的组合的情况删掉。
//减掉取两个相同的组合 for(int i = 0;i < n;i++) num[a[i]+a[i]]--;
还有,这个问题求组合,所以第一个选t1,第二个选t2,和第一个选t2,第二个选t1,我们认为是一样的。
所有num数组整体除于2
//选择的无序,除以2 for(int i = 1;i <= len;i++) { num[i]/=2; }
然后对num数组求前缀和
sum[0] = 0; for(int i = 1;i <= len;i++) sum[i] = sum[i-1]+num[i];
之后就开始O(n)找可以形成三角形的组合了。
a数组从小到大排好序。
对于a[i]. 我们假设a[i]是形成的三角形中最长的。这样就是在其余中选择两个和>a[i],而且长度不能大于a[i]的。(注意这里所谓的大于小于,不是说长度的大于小于,其实是排好序以后的,位置关系,这样就可以不用管长度相等的情况,排在a[i]前的就是小于的,后面的就是大于的)。
根据前面求得的结果。
长度和大于a[i]的取两个的取法是sum[len]-sum[a[i]].
但是这里面有不符合的。
一个是包含了取一大一小的
cnt -= (long long)(n-1-i)*i;
一个是包含了取一个本身i,然后取其它的
cnt -= (n-1);
还有就是取两个都大于的了
cnt -= (long long)(n-1-i)*(n-i-2)/2;
这样把i从0~n-1累加,就答案了。
long long cnt = 0; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++) { cnt += sum[len]-sum[a[i]]; //减掉一个取大,一个取小的 cnt -= (long long)(n-1-i)*i; //减掉一个取本身,另外一个取其它 cnt -= (n-1); //减掉大于它的取两个的组合 cnt -= (long long)(n-1-i)*(n-i-2)/2; }
使用FFT一定要注意控制好长度,长度要为2^k.而且大于等于len1+len2-1.这样可以保证不重叠。
然后就是用long long,有的地方会超int的。
贴上代码:
#include <stdio.h> #include <iostream> #include <string.h> #include <algorithm> #include <math.h> using namespace std; const double PI = acos(-1.0); struct complex { double r,i; complex(double _r = 0,double _i = 0) { r = _r; i = _i; } complex operator +(const complex &b) { return complex(r+b.r,i+b.i); } complex operator -(const complex &b) { return complex(r-b.r,i-b.i); } complex operator *(const complex &b) { return complex(r*b.r-i*b.i,r*b.i+i*b.r); } }; void change(complex y[],int len) { int i,j,k; for(i = 1, j = len/2;i < len-1;i++) { if(i < j)swap(y[i],y[j]); k = len/2; while( j >= k) { j -= k; k /= 2; } if(j < k)j += k; } } void fft(complex y[],int len,int on) { change(y,len); for(int h = 2;h <= len;h <<= 1) { complex wn(cos(-on*2*PI/h),sin(-on*2*PI/h)); for(int j = 0;j < len;j += h) { complex w(1,0); for(int k = j;k < j+h/2;k++) { complex u = y[k]; complex t = w*y[k+h/2]; y[k] = u+t; y[k+h/2] = u-t; w = w*wn; } } } if(on == -1) for(int i = 0;i < len;i++) y[i].r /= len; } const int MAXN = 400040; complex x1[MAXN]; int a[MAXN/4]; long long num[MAXN];//100000*100000会超int long long sum[MAXN]; int main() { int T; int n; scanf("%d",&T); while(T--) { scanf("%d",&n); memset(num,0,sizeof(num)); for(int i = 0;i < n;i++) { scanf("%d",&a[i]); num[a[i]]++; } sort(a,a+n); int len1 = a[n-1]+1; int len = 1; while( len < 2*len1 )len <<= 1; for(int i = 0;i < len1;i++) x1[i] = complex(num[i],0); for(int i = len1;i < len;i++) x1[i] = complex(0,0); fft(x1,len,1); for(int i = 0;i < len;i++) x1[i] = x1[i]*x1[i]; fft(x1,len,-1); for(int i = 0;i < len;i++) num[i] = (long long)(x1[i].r+0.5); len = 2*a[n-1]; //减掉取两个相同的组合 for(int i = 0;i < n;i++) num[a[i]+a[i]]--; //选择的无序,除以2 for(int i = 1;i <= len;i++) { num[i]/=2; } sum[0] = 0; for(int i = 1;i <= len;i++) sum[i] = sum[i-1]+num[i]; long long cnt = 0; for(int i = 0;i < n;i++) { cnt += sum[len]-sum[a[i]]; //减掉一个取大,一个取小的 cnt -= (long long)(n-1-i)*i; //减掉一个取本身,另外一个取其它 cnt -= (n-1); //减掉大于它的取两个的组合 cnt -= (long long)(n-1-i)*(n-i-2)/2; } //总数 long long tot = (long long)n*(n-1)*(n-2)/6; printf("%.7lf\n",(double)cnt/tot); } return 0; }