思路是创建两个字符串a和b,再创建两个线程A和B,让每个线程都用synchronized锁住字符串(A先锁a,再去锁b;B先锁b,再锁a),如果A锁住a,B锁住b,A就没办法锁住b,B也没办法锁住a,这时就陷入了死锁。直接贴代码:
1 public class DeadLock { 2 public static String obj1 = "obj1"; 3 public static String obj2 = "obj2"; 4 public static void main(String[] args){ 5 Thread a = new Thread(new Lock1()); 6 Thread b = new Thread(new Lock2()); 7 a.start(); 8 b.start(); 9 } 10 } 11 class Lock1 implements Runnable{ 12 @Override 13 public void run(){ 14 try{ 15 System.out.println("Lock1 running"); 16 while(true){ 17 synchronized(DeadLock.obj1){ 18 System.out.println("Lock1 lock obj1"); 19 Thread.sleep(3000);//获取obj1后先等一会儿,让Lock2有足够的时间锁住obj2 20 synchronized(DeadLock.obj2){ 21 System.out.println("Lock1 lock obj2"); 22 } 23 } 24 } 25 }catch(Exception e){ 26 e.printStackTrace(); 27 } 28 } 29 } 30 class Lock2 implements Runnable{ 31 @Override 32 public void run(){ 33 try{ 34 System.out.println("Lock2 running"); 35 while(true){ 36 synchronized(DeadLock.obj2){ 37 System.out.println("Lock2 lock obj2"); 38 Thread.sleep(3000); 39 synchronized(DeadLock.obj1){ 40 System.out.println("Lock2 lock obj1"); 41 } 42 } 43 } 44 }catch(Exception e){ 45 e.printStackTrace(); 46 } 47 } 48 }
运行的结果如图所示:
可以看到,Lock1获取obj1,Lock2获取obj2,但是它们都没有办法再获取另外一个obj,因为它们都在等待对方先释放锁,这时就是死锁。
如果我们只运行Lock1呢?修改一下main函数,把线程b注释掉。
1 public class DeadLock { 2 public static String obj1 = "obj1"; 3 public static String obj2 = "obj2"; 4 public static void main(String[] args){ 5 Thread a = new Thread(new Lock1()); 6 //Thread b = new Thread(new Lock2()); 7 a.start(); 8 //b.start(); 9 } 10 } 11 class Lock1 implements Runnable{ 12 @Override 13 public void run(){ 14 try{ 15 System.out.println("Lock1 running"); 16 while(true){ 17 synchronized(DeadLock.obj1){ 18 System.out.println("Lock1 lock obj1"); 19 Thread.sleep(3000); 20 synchronized(DeadLock.obj2){ 21 System.out.println("Lock1 lock obj2"); 22 } 23 } 24 } 25 }catch(Exception e){ 26 e.printStackTrace(); 27 } 28 } 29 } 30 class Lock2 implements Runnable{ 31 @Override 32 public void run(){ 33 try{ 34 System.out.println("Lock2 running"); 35 while(true){ 36 synchronized(DeadLock.obj2){ 37 System.out.println("Lock2 lock obj2"); 38 Thread.sleep(3000); 39 synchronized(DeadLock.obj1){ 40 System.out.println("Lock2 lock obj1"); 41 } 42 } 43 } 44 }catch(Exception e){ 45 e.printStackTrace(); 46 } 47 } 48 }
运行结果为:
由于没有其它线程和Lock1争夺obj1和obj2,Lock1可以不断地循环获取并释放它们,这时没有死锁。