原文:
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps (31) – 加密解密: 哈希算法, 对称算法
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps (31) – 加密解密: 哈希算法, 对称算法
作者:webabcd
介绍
重新想象 Windows 8 Store Apps 之 加密解密
- hash 算法(MD5, SHA1, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512)
- hmac 算法(MD5, SHA1, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512)
- 本地数据的加密解密
- 对称算法(AES, DES, 3DES, RC2, RC4)
示例
1、演示如何使用 hash 算法(MD5, SHA1, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512)
Crypto/Hash.xaml.cs
/* * 演示如何使用 hash 算法(MD5, SHA1, SHA256, SHA384, SHA512) */ using System; using Windows.Security.Cryptography; using Windows.Security.Cryptography.Core; using Windows.Storage.Streams; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace XamlDemo.Crypto { public sealed partial class Hash : Page { public Hash() { this.InitializeComponent(); } private void btnDemo_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { string plainText = "i am webabcd"; lblMsg.Text = "原文: " + plainText; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; string[] algorithmNames = { "MD5", "SHA1", "SHA256", "SHA384", "SHA512" }; foreach (var algorithmName in algorithmNames) { // 根据算法名称实例化一个哈希算法提供程序 HashAlgorithmProvider hashAlgorithm = HashAlgorithmProvider.OpenAlgorithm(algorithmName); // hashAlgorithm.HashLength - 哈希后的值的长度,单位:字节 // 原文的二进制数据 IBuffer vector = CryptographicBuffer.ConvertStringToBinary(plainText, BinaryStringEncoding.Utf8); // 哈希二进制数据 IBuffer digest = hashAlgorithm.HashData(vector); lblMsg.Text += algorithmName + ": " + CryptographicBuffer.EncodeToHexString(digest); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 创建一个可重用的 CryptographicHash 对象 CryptographicHash reusableHash = hashAlgorithm.CreateHash(); reusableHash.Append(CryptographicBuffer.ConvertStringToBinary("i ", BinaryStringEncoding.Utf8)); // 向 CryptographicHash 中追加需要哈希的二进制数据 reusableHash.Append(CryptographicBuffer.ConvertStringToBinary("am ", BinaryStringEncoding.Utf8)); // 向 CryptographicHash 中追加需要哈希的二进制数据 reusableHash.Append(CryptographicBuffer.ConvertStringToBinary("webabcd", BinaryStringEncoding.Utf8)); // 向 CryptographicHash 中追加需要哈希的二进制数据 // 获取哈希后的数据,然后清空 CryptographicHash 中的数据 digest = reusableHash.GetValueAndReset(); lblMsg.Text += algorithmName + ": " + CryptographicBuffer.EncodeToHexString(digest); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } } }
2、演示如何使用 hmac 算法(HMAC_MD5, HMAC_SHA1, HMAC_SHA256, HMAC_SHA384, HMAC_SHA512)
Crypto/Hmac.xaml.cs
/* * 演示如何使用 hmac 算法(HMAC_MD5, HMAC_SHA1, HMAC_SHA256, HMAC_SHA384, HMAC_SHA512) * * 注:hmac 相当于带密钥的 hash,可以理解为将信息用密钥加密后再哈希 */ using System; using Windows.Security.Cryptography; using Windows.Security.Cryptography.Core; using Windows.Storage.Streams; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace XamlDemo.Crypto { public sealed partial class Hmac : Page { public Hmac() { this.InitializeComponent(); } private void btnDemo_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { string plainText = "i am webabcd"; lblMsg.Text = "原文: " + plainText; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; string[] algorithmNames = { "HMAC_MD5", "HMAC_SHA1", "HMAC_SHA256", "HMAC_SHA384", "HMAC_SHA512" }; foreach (var algorithmName in algorithmNames) { // 根据算法名称实例化一个 hmac 算法提供程序 MacAlgorithmProvider hmacAlgorithm = MacAlgorithmProvider.OpenAlgorithm(algorithmName); // hmacAlgorithm.MacLength - hmac 后的值的长度,单位:字节 // 创建一个用于 hmac 算法的随机的 key IBuffer key = CryptographicBuffer.GenerateRandom(hmacAlgorithm.MacLength); // 根据 key 生成 CryptographicKey 对象 CryptographicKey hmacKey = hmacAlgorithm.CreateKey(key); // 根据 hmacKey 签名指定的内容 IBuffer signature = CryptographicEngine.Sign( hmacKey, // 签名时所用的 key CryptographicBuffer.ConvertStringToBinary(plainText, BinaryStringEncoding.Utf8) // 需要签名的内容 ); lblMsg.Text += algorithmName + ": " + CryptographicBuffer.EncodeToHexString(signature) + " (key: " + CryptographicBuffer.EncodeToHexString(key) + ")"; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 验证签名 bool isAuthenticated = CryptographicEngine.VerifySignature( hmacKey, // 签名时所用的 key CryptographicBuffer.ConvertStringToBinary(plainText, BinaryStringEncoding.Utf8), // 需要签名的内容 signature // 签名后的值 ); lblMsg.Text += "isAuthenticated: " + isAuthenticated; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } } }
3、演示如何对本地数据进行加密和解密
Crypto/LocalCrypto.xaml.cs
/* * 演示如何对本地数据进行加密和解密 */ using System; using Windows.Security.Cryptography; using Windows.Security.Cryptography.DataProtection; using Windows.Storage.Streams; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace XamlDemo.Crypto { public sealed partial class LocalCryptoString : Page { public LocalCryptoString() { this.InitializeComponent(); } private async void btnDemo_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { string plainText = "i am webabcd"; lblMsg.Text = "原文: " + plainText; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 实例化用于加密的 DataProtectionProvider - Local=user 用户级别的本地加解密;LOCAL=machine - 机器级别的本地加解密 DataProtectionProvider provider = new DataProtectionProvider("Local=user"); // "LOCAL=machine" // 原文的二进制数据 IBuffer buffer = CryptographicBuffer.ConvertStringToBinary(plainText, BinaryStringEncoding.Utf8); // 加密数据 IBuffer encrypted = await provider.ProtectAsync(buffer); // provider.ProtectStreamAsync(); 加密 stream 类型的数据 // 加密后的结果 lblMsg.Text += "encrypted: " + CryptographicBuffer.EncodeToHexString(encrypted); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 实例化用于解密的 DataProtectionProvider DataProtectionProvider provider2 = new DataProtectionProvider(); // 解密数据 IBuffer decrypted = await provider2.UnprotectAsync(encrypted); // provider2.UnprotectStreamAsync(); // 解密 stream 类型的数据 // 解密后的结果 lblMsg.Text += "decrypted: " + CryptographicBuffer.ConvertBinaryToString(BinaryStringEncoding.Utf8, decrypted); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } }
4、演示如何使用对称算法(AES, DES, 3DES, RC2, RC4)
Crypto/Symmetric.xaml.cs
/* * 演示如何使用对称算法(AES, DES, 3DES, RC2, RC4) */ using System; using Windows.Security.Cryptography; using Windows.Security.Cryptography.Core; using Windows.Storage.Streams; using Windows.UI.Xaml; using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls; namespace XamlDemo.Crypto { public sealed partial class Symmetric : Page { public Symmetric() { this.InitializeComponent(); } private void btnDemo_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { // 本示例的原文为 16 个字节,是为了正常演示无填充时的加密 // 什么是填充:比如 aes 要求数据长度必须是 16 的倍数,如果不是则需要通过指定的填充模式来补全数据 string plainText = "1234567812345678"; lblMsg.Text = "原文: " + plainText; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; string[] algorithmNames = { "AES_CBC", "AES_ECB", "AES_CBC_PKCS7", "AES_ECB_PKCS7", "DES_CBC", "DES_ECB", "3DES_CBC", "3DES_ECB", "3DES_CBC_PKCS7", "3DES_ECB_PKCS7", "RC2_CBC", "RC2_ECB", "RC4" }; foreach (var algorithmName in algorithmNames) { uint keySize = 128; if (algorithmName.StartsWith("AES")) // AES 算法密钥长度 128 位 keySize = 128; else if (algorithmName.StartsWith("DES")) // DES 算法密钥长度 64 位(56 位的密钥加上 8 位奇偶校验位) keySize = 64; else if (algorithmName.StartsWith("3DES")) // 3DES 算法密钥长度 192 位(3 重 DES) keySize = 192; else if (algorithmName.StartsWith("RC2")) // RC2 算法密钥长度可变 keySize = 128; else if (algorithmName.StartsWith("RC4")) // RC4 算法密钥长度可变 keySize = 128; IBuffer buffer; // 原文 IBuffer encrypted; // 加密后 IBuffer decrypted; // 解密后 IBuffer iv = null; // 向量(CBC 模式) // 根据算法名称实例化一个对称算法提供程序 SymmetricKeyAlgorithmProvider symmetricAlgorithm = SymmetricKeyAlgorithmProvider.OpenAlgorithm(algorithmName); // 创建一个随机密钥 key IBuffer key = CryptographicBuffer.GenerateRandom(keySize / 8); // 根据 key 生成 CryptographicKey 对象 CryptographicKey cryptoKey = symmetricAlgorithm.CreateSymmetricKey(key); // 如果是 CBC 模式则随机生成一个向量 if (algorithmName.Contains("CBC")) iv = CryptographicBuffer.GenerateRandom(symmetricAlgorithm.BlockLength); // 将需要加密的数据转换为 IBuffer 类型 buffer = CryptographicBuffer.ConvertStringToBinary(plainText, BinaryStringEncoding.Utf8); try { // 加密数据 encrypted = CryptographicEngine.Encrypt(cryptoKey, buffer, iv); } catch (Exception ex) { lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; return; } // 加密后的结果 lblMsg.Text += algorithmName + " encrypted: " + CryptographicBuffer.EncodeToHexString(encrypted); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; CryptographicKey cryptoKey2 = symmetricAlgorithm.CreateSymmetricKey(key); try { // 解密数据 decrypted = Windows.Security.Cryptography.Core.CryptographicEngine.Decrypt(cryptoKey2, encrypted, iv); } catch (Exception ex) { lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; return; } // 解密后的结果 lblMsg.Text += algorithmName + " decrypted: " + CryptographicBuffer.ConvertBinaryToString(BinaryStringEncoding.Utf8, decrypted); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } } }
OK
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