HashMap简介
JangGwa从源码角度带你熟悉一下JDK1.8的HashMap，首先简单介绍下HashMap。
1.HashMap有三种数据结构，数组，链表，红黑树。
2.HashMap是非线程安全的
3.HashMap存储的内容是键值对(key-value)映射，key、value都可以为null。
4.HashMap中的映射不是有序的。
5.实现了Cloneable接口，能被克隆。
6.实现了Serializable接口，支持序列化。
HashMap源码解析
HashMap继承了AbstractMap并实现了Map, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable 接口，上面做了相应的介绍就不再阐述了。关键我们看两个重要的属性initialCapacity,loadFactor。
initialCapacity:初始容量，是哈希表创建中桶的数量。
loadFactor:加载因子(默认0.75)，是哈希表在其容量自动增加之前可以达到多满的一种尺度。
当哈希表中的条目数超出了加载因子与当前容量的乘积时，哈希表将具有两倍的桶数。
public class More ...HashMap<K,V> extends AbstractMap<K,V>
implements Map<K,V>, Cloneable, Serializable {
private static final long serialVersionUID = 362498820763181265L;
// 默认的初始容量（容量为HashMap中槽的数目）是16
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 1 << 4; // aka 16
// 最大容量（必须是2的幂且小于2的30次方，传入容量过大将被这个值替换）
static final int MAXIMUM_CAPACITY = 1 << 30;
// 默认加载因子
static final float DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR = 0.75f;
// list to tree 的临界值
static final int TREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 8;
// 删除冲突节点后，hash相同的节点数目小于这个数，红黑树就恢复成链表
static final int UNTREEIFY_THRESHOLD = 6;
// 扩容的临界值
static final int MIN_TREEIFY_CAPACITY = 64;
// 存储元素的数组
transient Node<k,v>[] table;
Node节点的数据结构
// 继承自 Map.Entry<K,V>
static class Node<K,V> implements Map.Entry<K,V> {
final int hash;
final K key;
V value;
// 指向下一个节点
Node<K,V> next;
Node(int hash, K key, V value, Node<K,V> next) {
this.hash = hash;
this.key = key;
this.value = value;
this.next = next;
}
public final K getKey() { return key; }
public final V getValue() { return value; }
public final String toString() { return key + "=" + value; }
// 返回 Hash 值
public final int hashCode() {
return Objects.hashCode(key) ^ Objects.hashCode(value);
}
public final V setValue(V newValue) {
V oldValue = value;
value = newValue;
return oldValue;
}
// 重写 equals()
public final boolean equals(Object o) {
if (o == this)
return true;
if (o instanceof Map.Entry) {
Map.Entry<?,?> e = (Map.Entry<?,?>)o;
if (Objects.equals(key, e.getKey()) &&
Objects.equals(value, e.getValue()))
return true;
}
return false;
}
}
树节点数据结构
static final class TreeNode<K,V> extends LinkedHashMap.Entry<K,V> {
TreeNode<K,V> parent; // 父
TreeNode<K,V> left; // 左
TreeNode<K,V> right; // 右
TreeNode<K,V> prev; // needed to unlink next upon deletion
boolean red; // 判断颜色
TreeNode(int hash, K key, V val, Node<K,V> next) {
super(hash, key, val, next);
}
// 返回根节点
final TreeNode<K,V> root() {
for (TreeNode<K,V> r = this, p;;) {
if ((p = r.parent) == null)
return r;
r = p;
}
HashMap的4个构造函数
// 默认构造函数。
public More ...HashMap() {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR; // all other fields defaulted
}
// 包含“子Map”的构造函数
public More ...HashMap(Map<? extends K, ? extends V> m) {
this.loadFactor = DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR;
putMapEntries(m, false);
}
// 指定“容量大小”的构造函数
public More ...HashMap(int initialCapacity) {
this(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR);
}
// 指定“容量大小”和“加载因子”的构造函数
public More ...HashMap(int initialCapacity, float loadFactor) {
if (initialCapacity < 0)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal initial capacity: " + initialCapacity);
if (initialCapacity > MAXIMUM_CAPACITY)
initialCapacity = MAXIMUM_CAPACITY;
if (loadFactor <= 0 || Float.isNaN(loadFactor))
throw new IllegalArgumentException("Illegal load factor: " + loadFactor);
this.loadFactor = loadFactor;
this.threshold = tableSizeFor(initialCapacity);
}
put函数
public V put(K key, V value) {
// 对key的hashCode()做hash
return putVal(hash(key), key, value, false, true);
}
final V putVal(int hash, K key, V value, boolean onlyIfAbsent,
boolean evict) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> p; int n, i;
// tab为空则创建
if ((tab = table) == null || (n = tab.length) == 0)
n = (tab = resize()).length;
// 计算index，并对null做处理
if ((p = tab[i = (n - 1) & hash]) == null)
tab[i] = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
else {
Node<K,V> e; K k;
// 节点存在
if (p.hash == hash &&
((k = p.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
e = p;
// 该链为树
else if (p instanceof TreeNode)
e = ((TreeNode<K,V>)p).putTreeVal(this, tab, hash, key, value);
// 该链为链表
else {
for (int binCount = 0; ; ++binCount) {
if ((e = p.next) == null) {
p.next = newNode(hash, key, value, null);
if (binCount >= TREEIFY_THRESHOLD - 1) // -1 for 1st
treeifyBin(tab, hash);
break;
}
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
break;
p = e;
}
}
// 写入
if (e != null) { // existing mapping for key
V oldValue = e.value;
if (!onlyIfAbsent || oldValue == null)
e.value = value;
afterNodeAccess(e);
return oldValue;
}
}
++modCount;
// 超过load factor*current capacity，resize
if (++size > threshold)
resize();
afterNodeInsertion(evict);
return null;
}
get函数
public V get(Object key) {
Node<K,V> e;
return (e = getNode(hash(key), key)) == null ? null : e.value;
}
final Node<K,V> getNode(int hash, Object key) {
Node<K,V>[] tab; Node<K,V> first, e; int n; K k;
if ((tab = table) != null && (n = tab.length) > 0 &&
(first = tab[(n - 1) & hash]) != null) {
// 数组元素相等
if (first.hash == hash && // always check first node
((k = first.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return first;
// 桶中不止一个节点
if ((e = first.next) != null) {
// 在树中get
if (first instanceof TreeNode)
return ((TreeNode<K,V>)first).getTreeNode(hash, key);
// 在链表中get
do {
if (e.hash == hash &&
((k = e.key) == key || (key != null && key.equals(k))))
return e;
} while ((e = e.next) != null);
}
}
return null;
}
resize函数
final Node<K,V>[] resize() {
Node<K,V>[] oldTab = table;
int oldCap = (oldTab == null) ? 0 : oldTab.length;
int oldThr = threshold;
int newCap, newThr = 0;
if (oldCap > 0) {
// 超过最大值就不再扩充了，就只好随你碰撞去吧
if (oldCap >= MAXIMUM_CAPACITY) {
threshold = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
return oldTab;
}
// 没超过最大值，就扩充为原来的2倍
else if ((newCap = oldCap << 1) < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && oldCap >= DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY)
newThr = oldThr << 1; // double threshold
}
else if (oldThr > 0) // initial capacity was placed in threshold
newCap = oldThr;
else {
signifies using defaults
newCap = DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY;
newThr = (int)(DEFAULT_LOAD_FACTOR * DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}
// 计算新的resize上限
if (newThr == 0) {
float ft = (float)newCap * loadFactor;
newThr = (newCap < MAXIMUM_CAPACITY && ft < (float)MAXIMUM_CAPACITY ? (int)ft : Integer.MAX_VALUE);
}
threshold = newThr;
@SuppressWarnings({"rawtypes","unchecked"})
Node<K,V>[] newTab = (Node<K,V>[])new Node[newCap];
table = newTab;
if (oldTab != null) {
// 把每个bucket都移动到新的buckets中
for (int j = 0; j < oldCap; ++j) {
Node<K,V> e;
if ((e = oldTab[j]) != null) {
oldTab[j] = null;
if (e.next == null)
newTab[e.hash & (newCap - 1)] = e;
else if (e instanceof TreeNode)
((TreeNode<K,V>)e).split(this, newTab, j, oldCap);
else {
Node<K,V> loHead = null, loTail = null;
Node<K,V> hiHead = null, hiTail = null;
Node<K,V> next;
do {
next = e.next;
// 原索引
if ((e.hash & oldCap) == 0) {
if (loTail == null)
loHead = e;
else
loTail.next = e;
loTail = e;
}
// 原索引+oldCap
else {
if (hiTail == null)
hiHead = e;
else
hiTail.next = e;
hiTail = e;
}
} while ((e = next) != null);
// 原索引放到bucket里
if (loTail != null) {
loTail.next = null;
newTab[j] = loHead;
}
// 原索引+oldCap放到bucket里
if (hiTail != null) {
hiTail.next = null;
newTab[j + oldCap] = hiHead;
}
}
}
}
}
return newTab;
}
总结
- HashMap有三种数据结构，数组，链表，红黑树。
- 如果冲突节点到8时，就把链表转换成红黑树；
- 如果bucket满了(超过load factor*current capacity)，就要resize。
- 在resize的过程，就是把bucket扩充为2倍，之后重新计算index，把节点再放到新的bucket中。
- get（）如果有冲突，则通过key.equals(k)去查找对应的entry
若为树，则在树中通过key.equals(k)查找，O(logn)；
若为链表，则在链表中通过key.equals(k)查找，O(n)。
