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日常扯淡

从去年开始, 我就一直有尝试的面试些大公司, 因为对于一个半路出家(非计算机专业), 靠着MJ视频入门的iOS菜鸡玩家, 经过了3年的摸爬滚打, 终于也渐渐的可以做一些简单的前端, 后端, 移动端的交互, 但想要继续深入就感觉瓶颈越发的明显, 基础的薄弱导致很难上升, 所以能够进入一家大型成熟互联网公司就成为了我最近的目标, 原因很简单, 这是最为有效的学习成长的方式.

去年7月, 第一次面试大公司: 饿了么, 收到大公司的召唤非常的兴奋, 觉得自己翻身的机会终于要来了, 兴冲冲的跑去面试, 以为会和一般初级iOS面试的题目相同, 没有做任何的准备, 其实也不知道准备什么, 记得那时候聊的是:

1. UI方面: 如何避免卡顿掉帧, 异步渲染.
2. 性能方面: 性能优化, Vsync, CPU / GPU
3. 网络方面: 如何进行请求缓存策略.
4. 安全方面: lild重签名, Mach-O.
5. 前端方面: 如何避免DOM重绘.
6. 后端方面: 如何进行负载均衡的处理.

还有一些极端的情况, 由于时间久远已经记不太清了, 反正这次面试给我的感觉就是, 靠… 我简直就是个垃圾啊~ 当时记得内推我的架构师建议我扎实一下iOS的基本功, 然后就推荐了基本书: 计算机网络, 操作系统原理, HTTP权威指南, TCP/IP权威指南, 深入解析Max OS X & iOS 操作系统… 这些书, 除了HTTP权威指南我咬着牙看完了, 其他的对于我来说简直就是天书, 根本消化不良啊.

去年12月, 第二次面试大公司: 京东, 由于有了上一次的经验, 我变得非常的淡定, 知道自己肯定会被大公司所淘汰, 和优等专业生有着不可逾越的天堑, 比较吃惊的是, 进入京东的大楼需要用身份证换取临时门禁… 那时候的面试题就比饿了么的柔和的多了, 虽然当时还是回答不出.

1. Runtime: isa, 消息转发, 弱引用表.
2. Runloop: mode, timer.
3. Block: __block, __forwording.
4. Property: assign, weak, copy.
5. Category: assoc, load

现在想想, 这TM才是面试iOS啊, 只可惜, 那时候并不具备这些知识, 可惜了了. 之后我就对C++, ASM, Linux, 这三方面进行了学习, 也学习了些MACH-O, 逆向的相关的知识, 以备后面的面试机会.

第三次就是这周三面试第二梯队了, 我准备了所有我能够准备的面试题内容, 底层原理, 逆向安全, 多线程与锁, 内存布局, UI性能优化等, 果不其然, 足足1个小时的电话面试, 我轻松通过, 问的就是些我准备好的底层知识, 让我觉得机会终于来了, 可是…. 当我现场面试后… 题目全部是上机题…

1. 设计一个网络框架, 如何进行不同数据解析的设计(header, body), 并能够进行自定义, 重连机制如何处理, 状态码错误转发机制的处理, 如何避免回调地狱, 实现Promise的自实现.
2. 根据UIControl实现UIButton….
3. 找到两个排序数组的中位数…
4. pow(double, double)函数的自实现….

果然,网络, UI, 算法… 好吧, 第一次做上机题, 瞬间就蒙了… 然后就是面试官在旁边不停的笑… 不停的笑… 可能是他对我友好的一种方式吧… 最后的面试结论是, 我的知识面还是比较广的, 做过的东西也是挺多的, 但是在知识深度方面还是比较欠缺.

后来得知, 他们招聘的是技术专家的职级, 觉得我的技术水平达不到要求, 不能给与录取, 当然被拒我是当场就知道了, 也觉得美团和饿了么的两次面试经历都和我的水平相差甚远… 可是, 我只是想进入大公司学习, 就一定要成为专家才行么? 现在初中高级, 资深都不需要了, 直接专家么…, 我的猎头朋友和我说, 3-1的级别就是对标阿里P6/P7, 我选择去死啊…..

有了这次的面试经验后, 我的策略也发生了改变, 不再追求大公司的光环了, 做人开心一点不好么, 非要像机器一样思考? 活的像个算法一样是不是感觉缺少了些重要的东西? 和朋友们吹吹牛逼的日子不快活么, 偏要用功学习? 这里想到了最近听到的两句话, 最好的产品体验就是要让用户不用思考, 认知即痛苦, 无知即极乐, 人真是矛盾, 价值观的一念之差, 差之毫厘失之千里啊….

面试题1 自实现pow(double, double)

这道题目上机的时候非常的蒙, 因为幂是double, 完全不知道如何下手, 面试官就降低难度使用整型.

解法1

func _pow_1(_ base: Int, _ exponent: Int) -> Int {

    if exponent < 0 {
        return 0
    }
    if exponent == 0 {
        return 0
    }
    if exponent == 1 {
        return base
    }
    
    var result = base
    for _ in 1..<exponent {
        result *= base
    }
    return result
}
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然后, 第一次做算法题的我, 只能想到通过最为粗糙的办法解答, 就是一个循环, 我也知道这不是面试官所期许的答案, 但这有什么办法呢…

解法2

func _pow_2(_ base: Double, _ exponent: Int) -> Double {
    
    if exponent < 0 {
        return 0
    }
    if exponent == 0 {
        return 0
    }
    var ans:Double = 1, last_pow = base, exp = exponent
    
    while exp > 0 {
        if (exp & 1) != 0 {
            ans = ans * last_pow
        }
        exp = exp >> 1
        last_pow = last_pow * last_pow
    }
    return ans
}
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这个是我在网上翻阅资料后的另一种看似比较好的解答方式.

解法3

func _pow_3(_ base: Double, _ exponent: Int) -> Double {

    var isNegative = false
    var exp = exponent
    if exp < 0 {
        isNegative = true
        exp = -exp
    }
    let result = _pow_2(base, exp)
    return isNegative ? 1 / result : result
}
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这个仅仅是加了一个负值判断…. 但是幂是double的仍然是毫无头绪, 需要请大佬和大神不吝赐教.

面试题2 findMedianSortedArrays

这是一道LeetCode的原题, 但是我至今还没有刷过算法题库… 也是平生第一次面试的时候遇到算法题. 题目的意思是找到两个排序数组的中位数.

解法1

func findMedianSortedArrays_1(_ array1: [Int], _ array2: [Int]) -> Double {
    
    var array = [Int]()
    array.append(contentsOf: array1)
    array.append(contentsOf: array2)
    
    quickSort(list: &array)
    
    let b = array.count % 2
    let c = array.count
    var result = 0.0;
    if  b == 1  {
        result = Double(array[c / 2])
    } else {
        let n1 = array[c / 2 - 1]
        let n2 = array[c / 2]
        result = Double((n1 + n2)) / 2.0
    }
    
    return result
}
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第一次做算法题, 只能无视算法复杂度, 能够完成就算是不错了, 要什么自行车…

解法2

func findMedianSortedArrays_2(_ array1: [Int], _ array2: [Int]) -> Double {
    
    let c1 = array1.count, c2 = array2.count
    var a1 = array1, a2 = array2
    if c1 <= 0 && c2 <= 0 {
        return 0.0
    }
    
    func findKth(_ nums1: inout [Int], i: Int, _ nums2: inout [Int], j: Int, k: Int) -> Double {
        if nums1.count - i > nums2.count - j {
            return findKth(&nums2, i: j, &nums1, j: i, k: k)
        }
        if nums1.count == i {
            return Double(nums2[j + k - 1])
        }
        if k == 1 {
            return Double(min(nums1[i], nums2[j]))
        }
        let pa = min(i + k / 2, nums1.count), pb = j + k - pa + i
        if nums1[pa - 1] < nums2[pb - 1] {
            return findKth(&nums1, i: pa, &nums2, j: j, k: k - pa + i)
        } else if nums1[pa - 1] > nums2[pb - 1] {
            return findKth(&nums1, i: i, &nums2, j: pb, k: k - pb + j)
        } else {
            return Double(nums1[pa - 1])
        }
    }
    
    let total = c1 + c2
    if total % 2 == 1 {
        return findKth(&a1, i: 0, &a2, j: 0, k: total / 2 + 1)
    } else {
        return (findKth(&a1, i: 0, &a2, j: 0, k: total / 2) + findKth(&a1, i: 0, &a2, j: 0, k: total / 2 + 1)) / 2.0
    }
}
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这个是我在网上查资料的时候的答案… 还没理清是个什么思路, 反正面试官提示分而治之, 掐头去尾… 也不知道是不是最优算法.

解法3

func findMedianSortedArrays_3(_ array1: [Int], _ array2: [Int]) -> Double {
    
    let total = array1.count + array2.count
    let index = total / 2
    let count = array1.count < array2.count ? array2.count : array1.count
    var array = [Int]()
    
    var i = 0, j = 0;
    for _ in 0...count {
        if array.count >= index + 1 {
            break
        }
        if array1[i] < array2[j] {
            array.append(array1[i])
            i += 1
        } else {
            array.append(array2[j])
            j += 1
        }
    }
    return total % 2 == 1 ? Double(array[index]) : Double(array[index] + array[index - 1]) * 0.5
}
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这个是请教霜神(@halfrost-一缕殇流化隐半边冰霜)后给的思路, 的确很好实现. 但霜神谦虚的说不是最优解….

奇数测试

var array1 = randomList(1000001)
var array2 = randomList(1000000)
quickSort(list: &array1)
quickSort(list: &array2)
print(findMedianSortedArrays_1(array1, array2))
print(findMedianSortedArrays_2(array1, array2))
print(findMedianSortedArrays_3(array1, array2))
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--- scope of: findMedianSortedArrays ---
500045.0
500045.0
500045.0
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偶数测试

var array1 = randomList(1000001)
var array2 = randomList(1000000)
quickSort(list: &array1)
quickSort(list: &array2)
print(findMedianSortedArrays_1(array1, array2))
print(findMedianSortedArrays_2(array1, array2))
print(findMedianSortedArrays_3(array1, array2))
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--- scope of: findMedianSortedArrays ---
499665.5
499665.5
499665.5
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耗时比较

--- scope of: findMedianSortedArrays_1 ---
timing: 2.50845623016357
--- scope of: findMedianSortedArrays_2 ---
timing: 1.28746032714844e-05
--- scope of: findMedianSortedArrays_3 ---
timing: 0.0358490943908691
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可以看出网上查资料的答案是三种解法里性能最高的算法, 霜神的思路和网上的答案差了三个数量级, 而我写的差了五个数量级…. 果然我写的果然是最为垃圾的算法….

解法4

@discardableResult func findMedianSortedArrays_4(_ array1: [Int], _ array2: [Int]) -> Double {
    
    if array1.count == 0 {
        if array2.count % 2 == 1 {
            return Double(array2[array2.count / 2])
        } else {
            return Double(array2[array2.count / 2] + array2[array2.count / 2 - 1]) * 0.5
        }
    } else if array2.count == 0 {
        if array1.count % 2 == 1 {
            return Double(array1[array1.count / 2])
        } else {
            return Double(array1[array1.count / 2] + array1[array1.count / 2 - 1]) * 0.5
        }
    }
    
    let total = array1.count + array2.count
    let count = array1.count < array2.count ? array1.count : array2.count
    let odd = total % 2 == 1
    
    var i = 0, j = 0, f = 1, m1 = 0.0, m2 = 0.0, result = 0.0;
    for _ in 0...count {
        if odd { array1[i] < array2[j] ? (i += 1) : (j += 1) }
        if f >= total / 2 {
            if odd {
                result = array1[i] < array2[j] ? Double(array1[i]) : Double(array2[j])
            } else {
                if array1[i] < array2[j] {
                    m1 = Double(array1[i])
                    if (i + 1) < array1.count && array1[i + 1] < array2[j] {
                        m2 = Double(array1[i + 1])
                    } else {
                        m2 = Double(array2[j])
                    }
                } else {
                    m1 = Double(array2[j])
                    if (j + 1) < array2.count && array2[j + 1] < array1[i] {
                        m2 = Double(array2[j + 1])
                    } else {
                        m2 = Double(array1[i])
                    }
                }
                result = (m1 + m2) * 0.5
            }
            break
        }
        if !odd { array1[i] < array2[j] ? (i += 1) : (j += 1) }
        f += 1
    }
    return result
}
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--- scope of: findMedianSortedArrays_3 ---
timing: 0.0358932018280029
--- scope of: findMedianSortedArrays_4 ---
timing: 0.0241639614105225
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沿着霜神的思路和面试官给的提示, 给出了上面的算法, 但是解法3的数量级是相同的

面试题3 UIContorl -> UIButton

protocol ButtonInterface {
    func setTitle(_ title: String);
    func setTitleColor(_ titleColor: UIColor);
    func setTitleEdgeInsets(_ edgeInsets: UIEdgeInsets);
    func setImage(_ image: UIImage);
    func setBackgroundImage(_ image: UIImage);
    func setImageEdgeInsets(_ edgeInsets: UIEdgeInsets);
}

class Button: UIControl, ButtonInterface { 

}
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以上就是面试时候的原题, 一开始根本不知道是要让我做些什么, 说是只要让我把上面的方法全部实现就好了, 就像实现一个自己的UIButton… 一开始, 我以为是要我用CALayer来实现, 吓的我瑟瑟发抖… 还好不是… 然后, 我就按照自己平时自定义控件的写法, 写了一个UIImageView, 一个UILabel, 然后布局赋值… 就看到面试官对着我笑着说, 你以为这道题这么简单么… 这么简单么…

然后说, 你知道UIButton setTitle的时候才会创建UILabel, setImage的时候才会创建UIImageView, 你为什么吧frame给写死… 不知道UIView有sizeToFit么, 你怎么不实现sizeThatFits, 你是完全不会用吧… 你知道UIButton用AutoLayout布局的时候只要设置origin坐标, 宽高就可以自适应了, 你自定义的时候怎么不实现呢? setBackgroundImage和setImageEdgeInsets你就不要做了吧, 反正你也不会…

我想说的是,谁没事放着UIButton不用, 用UIContorl这种东西… 就为了一个target-action的设计模式么… 我每次在想思路的时候一直打断我, 可能这是面试官的一种策略吧… 算了不吐槽了, 还是尽力实现吧.

import UIKit

protocol ButtonInterface {
    func setTitle(_ title: String);
    func setTitleColor(_ titleColor: UIColor);
    func setTitleEdgeInsets(_ edgeInsets: UIEdgeInsets);
    func setImage(_ image: UIImage);
    func setBackgroundImage(_ image: UIImage);
    func setImageEdgeInsets(_ edgeInsets: UIEdgeInsets);
}

class Button: UIControl, ButtonInterface {

    lazy var titleLabel: UILabel = UILabel()
    lazy var imageView: UIImageView = UIImageView()
    lazy var backgroundImageView: UIImageView = UIImageView()
    
    var titleLabelIsCreated = false
    var imageViewIsCreated = false
    var backgroundImageViewCreated = false
    
    internal func setTitle(_ text: String) {
        if !titleLabelIsCreated {
            addSubview(titleLabel)
            titleLabelIsCreated = true
        }
        titleLabel.text = text
    }

    internal func setTitleColor(_ textColor: UIColor) {
        if !titleLabelIsCreated {
            return
        }
        titleLabel.textColor = textColor
    }
    
    internal func setTitleEdgeInsets(_ edgeInsets: UIEdgeInsets) {
        if !titleLabelIsCreated {
            return
        }
    }
    
    internal func setImage(_ image: UIImage) {
        if !imageViewIsCreated {
            addSubview(imageView)
            imageViewIsCreated = true
        }
        imageView.image = image
    }
    
    internal func setBackgroundImage(_ image: UIImage) {
        if !backgroundImageViewCreated {
            addSubview(backgroundImageView)
            insertSubview(backgroundImageView, at: 0)
            backgroundImageViewCreated = true
        }
        backgroundImageView.image = image
    }
    
    internal func setImageEdgeInsets(_ edgeInsets: UIEdgeInsets) {
        if !imageViewIsCreated {
            return
        }
    }
    
    override func sizeThatFits(_ size: CGSize) -> CGSize {
        if titleLabelIsCreated && !imageViewIsCreated && !backgroundImageViewCreated {
            let text: NSString? = titleLabel.text as NSString?
            let titleLabelW: CGFloat = text?.boundingRect(with: CGSize(width: CGFloat(MAXFLOAT), height: bounds.height), options: NSStringDrawingOptions.usesLineFragmentOrigin, attributes: [NSAttributedStringKey.font : titleLabel.font], context: nil).size.width ?? 0.0
            let titleLabelH: CGFloat = text?.boundingRect(with: CGSize(width: titleLabelW, height: CGFloat(MAXFLOAT)), options: NSStringDrawingOptions.usesLineFragmentOrigin, attributes: [NSAttributedStringKey.font : titleLabel.font], context: nil).size.height ?? 0.0
            return CGSize(width: titleLabelW, height: titleLabelH + 10)
        } else if !titleLabelIsCreated && imageViewIsCreated {
            return imageView.image?.size ?? CGSize.zero
        } else if titleLabelIsCreated && imageViewIsCreated {
            let text: NSString? = titleLabel.text as NSString?
            let titleLabelW: CGFloat = text?.boundingRect(with: CGSize(width: CGFloat(MAXFLOAT), height: bounds.height), options: NSStringDrawingOptions.usesLineFragmentOrigin, attributes: [NSAttributedStringKey.font : titleLabel.font], context: nil).size.width ?? 0.0
            let titleLabelH: CGFloat = text?.boundingRect(with: CGSize(width: titleLabelW, height: CGFloat(MAXFLOAT)), options: NSStringDrawingOptions.usesLineFragmentOrigin, attributes: [NSAttributedStringKey.font : titleLabel.font], context: nil).size.height ?? 0.0
            let imageViewW: CGFloat = imageView.image?.size.width ?? 0.0
            let imageViewH: CGFloat = imageView.image?.size.height ?? 0.0
            return CGSize(width: titleLabelW + imageViewW, height: imageViewH > titleLabelH ? imageViewH : titleLabelH)
        } else {
            return backgroundImageView.image?.size ?? CGSize.zero
        }
    }
    
    override func layoutSubviews() {
        super.layoutSubviews()

        if titleLabelIsCreated && !imageViewIsCreated {
            titleLabel.frame = bounds
            titleLabel.textAlignment = .center
        } else if !titleLabelIsCreated && imageViewIsCreated {
            let y: CGFloat = 0;
            let width: CGFloat = imageView.image?.size.width ?? 0;
            let x: CGFloat = (bounds.width - width) * 0.5;
            let height: CGFloat = bounds.height;
            imageView.frame = CGRect(x: x, y: y, width: width, height: height)
        } else if titleLabelIsCreated && imageViewIsCreated {
            let imageViewY: CGFloat = 0;
            let imageViewW: CGFloat = imageView.image?.size.width ?? 0;
            let imageViewH: CGFloat = bounds.height;
            let text: NSString? = titleLabel.text as NSString?
            let titleLabelW: CGFloat = text?.boundingRect(with: CGSize(width: CGFloat(MAXFLOAT), height: bounds.height), options: NSStringDrawingOptions.usesLineFragmentOrigin, attributes: [NSAttributedStringKey.font : titleLabel.font], context: nil).size.width ?? 0.0
            let titleLabelH: CGFloat = text?.boundingRect(with: CGSize(width: titleLabelW, height: CGFloat(MAXFLOAT)), options: NSStringDrawingOptions.usesLineFragmentOrigin, attributes: [NSAttributedStringKey.font : titleLabel.font], context: nil).size.height ?? 0.0
            let imageViewX: CGFloat = (bounds.width - imageViewW - titleLabelW) * 0.5;
            let titleLabelX: CGFloat = imageViewX + imageViewW
            let titleLabelY = (bounds.height - titleLabelH) * 0.5
            titleLabel.frame = CGRect(x: titleLabelX, y: titleLabelY, width: titleLabelW, height: titleLabelH)
            imageView.frame = CGRect(x: imageViewX, y: imageViewY, width: imageViewW, height: imageViewH)
        }
        
        if backgroundImageViewCreated {
            backgroundImageView.frame = bounds
        }
    }
}
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虽然实现了部分的功能, 但是AutoLayout和EdgeInsets的功能还是没有思路, 还请各位大佬解惑.

测试对比

我们用自己自实现的Button和UIButton进行对比.

class ViewController: UIViewController {

    override func loadView() {
        super.loadView();
        
        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
        uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
        uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
        uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
        uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
        uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
        uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
        button.setTitleColor(.red)
        button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
        button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
        button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
        button.sizeToFit()
    }
}
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zero impl

        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
// uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
// uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
// uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
// uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
// uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
// button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
// button.setTitleColor(.red)
// button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
// button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
// button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
// button.sizeToFit()

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setTitle && setTitleColor

        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
        uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
// uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
// uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
// uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
        button.setTitleColor(.red)
// button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
// button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
// button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
// button.sizeToFit()
    }
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setTitle && setTitleColor && sizeToFit

        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
        uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
// uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
// uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
        uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
        button.setTitleColor(.red)
// button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
// button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
// button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
        button.sizeToFit()
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setImage

        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
// uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
// uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
// uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
        uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
// uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
// button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
// button.setTitleColor(.red)
// button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
// button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
// button.sizeToFit()
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setImage && sizeToFit

        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
// uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
// uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
// uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
        uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
        uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
// button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
// button.setTitleColor(.red)
// button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
// button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
        button.sizeToFit()
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setBackgroundImage

        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
// uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
// uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
// uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
// uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
        uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
// uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
// button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
// button.setTitleColor(.red)
// button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
// button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
        button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
// button.sizeToFit()

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这里, 我们看到和系统的实现不一样, 因为我直接在渲染(display)设置了bitmap, 而不是像系统添加了一个新的view. 这样的性能消耗会少些… (以修改 为了下面的问题)

setBackgroundImage && sizeToFit

        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
// uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
// uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
// uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
// uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
        uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
        uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
// button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
// button.setTitleColor(.red)
// button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
// button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
        button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
        button.sizeToFit()

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setTitle && setTitleColor && setImage

        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
        uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
// uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
        uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
// uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
        button.setTitleColor(.red)
// button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
// button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
// button.sizeToFit()

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setTitle && setTitleColor && setImage && sizeToFit

        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
        uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
// uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
        uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
        uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
        button.setTitleColor(.red)
// button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
// button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
        button.sizeToFit()
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setTitle && setTitleColor && setBackgroundImage

        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
        uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
// uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
// uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
        uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
// uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
        button.setTitleColor(.red)
// button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
// button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
        button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
// button.sizeToFit()
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setTitle && setTitleColor && setBackgroundImage && sizeToFit

        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
        uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
// uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
// uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
        uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
        uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
        button.setTitleColor(.red)
// button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
// button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
        button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
        button.sizeToFit()
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setTitle && setTitleColor && setImage && setBackgroundImage

        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
        uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
// uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
        uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
        uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
// uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
        button.setTitleColor(.red)
// button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
        button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
// button.sizeToFit()
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setTitle && setTitleColor && setImage && setBackgroundImage && sizeToFit

        let uibutton = UIButton()
        uibutton.layer.borderWidth = 1
        uibutton.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        uibutton.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 100, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        uibutton.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq", for: .normal)
        uibutton.setTitleColor(.red, for: .normal)
// uibutton.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0)
        uibutton.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
        uibutton.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar"), for: .normal)
// uibutton.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(-10, -10, -10, -10)
        view.addSubview(uibutton)
        uibutton.sizeToFit()
        
        let button = Button()
        button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        button.frame = CGRect(x: 0, y: 350, width: view.bounds.width, height: 40)
        button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
        button.setTitleColor(.red)
// button.setTitleEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage());
        button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// button.setImageEdgeInsets(UIEdgeInsetsMake(0, 0, 0, 0))
        view.addSubview(button)
        button.sizeToFit()
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这道题还没有实现的就是AutoLayout和EdgeInsets, 还有就是在sizeToFit算的最佳尺寸和系统的最佳尺寸有细微出入, 还有就是UIImageView和UILabel的先后加载的问题.

update

    lazy var titleLabel: UILabel =  {
        let titleLabel = UILabel()
        titleLabel.font = UIFont.systemFont(ofSize: 18)
        titleLabel.textAlignment = .center
        return titleLabel
    }()
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对于在sizeToFit算的最佳尺寸和系统的最佳尺寸有细微出入 这个问题是UILabel的默认系统字体大小是17, 而UIButton中的titleLabel的字体大小是18.

    internal func setImage(_ image: UIImage) {
        if !imageViewIsCreated {
            addSubview(imageView)
            if titleLabelIsCreated {
                insertSubview(imageView, belowSubview: titleLabel)
            }
            imageViewIsCreated = true
        }
        imageView.image = image
    }
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对于UIImageView和UILabel的先后加载的问题, 需要在setImage时判断titleLabel是否存在即可

现已达到完全相同, 接下来就是要解决AutoLayout和EdgeInsets的问题.

update2

通过 nib 进行创建.. 谢谢@梦痕_Lee提供的思路.

实现方法:

1.判断是否是从nib中创建

    var createdFromNib = false
    
    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
    }
    
    required init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: aDecoder)
        createdFromNib = true
    }
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2.重写系统实现函数intrinsicContentSize并返回最佳尺寸

    override var intrinsicContentSize: CGSize {
        return bestSize()
    }
    
    func bestSize() -> CGSize {
        if titleLabelIsCreated && !imageViewIsCreated && !backgroundImageViewCreated {
            let text: NSString? = titleLabel.text as NSString?
            let titleLabelW: CGFloat = text?.boundingRect(with: CGSize(width: CGFloat(MAXFLOAT), height: bounds.height), options: NSStringDrawingOptions.usesLineFragmentOrigin, attributes: [NSAttributedStringKey.font : titleLabel.font], context: nil).size.width ?? 0.0
            let titleLabelH: CGFloat = text?.boundingRect(with: CGSize(width: titleLabelW, height: CGFloat(MAXFLOAT)), options: NSStringDrawingOptions.usesLineFragmentOrigin, attributes: [NSAttributedStringKey.font : titleLabel.font], context: nil).size.height ?? 0.0
            return CGSize(width: titleLabelW, height: titleLabelH + 10)
        } else if !titleLabelIsCreated && imageViewIsCreated {
            return imageView.image?.size ?? CGSize.zero
        } else if titleLabelIsCreated && imageViewIsCreated {
            let text: NSString? = titleLabel.text as NSString?
            let titleLabelW: CGFloat = text?.boundingRect(with: CGSize(width: CGFloat(MAXFLOAT), height: bounds.height), options: NSStringDrawingOptions.usesLineFragmentOrigin, attributes: [NSAttributedStringKey.font : titleLabel.font], context: nil).size.width ?? 0.0
            let titleLabelH: CGFloat = text?.boundingRect(with: CGSize(width: titleLabelW, height: CGFloat(MAXFLOAT)), options: NSStringDrawingOptions.usesLineFragmentOrigin, attributes: [NSAttributedStringKey.font : titleLabel.font], context: nil).size.height ?? 0.0
            let imageViewW: CGFloat = imageView.image?.size.width ?? 0.0
            let imageViewH: CGFloat = imageView.image?.size.height ?? 0.0
            return CGSize(width: titleLabelW + imageViewW, height: imageViewH > titleLabelH ? imageViewH : titleLabelH)
        } else {
            return backgroundImageView.image?.size ?? CGSize.zero
        }
    }
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3.布局时判断即可

    override func layoutSubviews() {
        super.layoutSubviews()

        if createdFromNib {
            frame.size = intrinsicContentSize
        }
        ...
   }
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4.测试一下, 不加sizetofit

        nib_button.layer.borderWidth = 1
        nib_button.layer.borderColor = UIColor.black.cgColor
        
        nib_button.setTitle("github.com/coderZsq")
        nib_button.setTitleColor(.red)
// nib_button.setTitleEdgeInsets(.zero)
        nib_button.setImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
// nib_button.setBackgroundImage(UIImage(named: "avatar") ?? UIImage())
        nib_button.setImageEdgeInsets(.zero)
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一样的完美, 攻克了AutoLayout, 接下来就是EdgeInsets啦~~~

update3

一直理解错了, intrinsicContentSize这个方法是在添加约束后生效, 不管是nib还是手动约束, 都会生效.

所以update2中只需实现第二步即可, 并不需要其他的判断.

面试题4 网络架构实现

这道题真是戳中我的软肋, 网络与多线程是我最为薄弱的地方, 现在对线程的理解应该已经不错了, 但是网络还是有所欠缺的, 所以, 我会在今后学习Linux和精读AFNetWorking && SDWebImage后, 自己写一个网络架构来进行自我提升.

面试总结

对于两道算法题, 我没有什么太多想讲的, 技不如人吧, 可是算法题这种东西在iOS上用处其实不是很大, 我就不信那些没有刷过算法题的同学, 面对一道从没有见过的算法题能够一下子从容的写出最优解的. 还有就是UI的那道题目, 坑吧, 谁会去放着好好的现成的不用, 去恶心自己, 还一定要一样… 我都问过面试官好几遍, 到底想要做什么功能… 回答只有, 我不在乎你怎么写, 只要和系统的一样就好了…. 产品附体了么….

好吧… 技不如人, 被挂了也是理所当然… 不会找什么借口… 听美团的朋友说, 现在只招技术专家, 其他低职级的名额紧缩都不招了… 诶… 随缘吧…

最后 本文中所有的源码都可以在github上找到:

GitHub Repo：coderZsq.target.swift
Follow: coderZsq · GitHub
Resume: coderzsq.github.io/coderZsq.we…

掘金技术征文链接👉 juejin.im/post/5aaf2a…