堆排序

堆排序過程
1. 建立堆
2. 對堆排序
統計大文件中數據單詞次數前k的問題中需要應用。
注意 :
1. 堆的建立過程是從底自上;
2. 堆的排序過程是從上自下,其過程很好理解,在建立堆的過程中要從底部向上調整元素,保證底部子節點小於父節點,如果先從父節點開始,則不能保證此性質;排序過程則需要將最大元素(最小元素)排除出去,所以是堆頂開始,從上自下調整的。

// an index in arr[]. n is size of heap
void heapify(int arr[], int n, int i)
{
    int largest = i;  // Initialize largest as root
    int l = 2*i + 1;  // left = 2*i + 1
    int r = 2*i + 2;  // right = 2*i + 2

    // If left child is larger than root
    if (l < n && arr[l] > arr[largest])
        largest = l;

    // If right child is larger than largest so far
    if (r < n && arr[r] > arr[largest])
        largest = r;

    // If largest is not root
    if (largest != i)
    {
        swap(arr[i], arr[largest]);

        // Recursively heapify the affected sub-tree
        heapify(arr, n, largest);
    }
}

// main function to do heap sort
void heapSort(int arr[], int n)
{
    // Build heap (rearrange array)
    for (int i = n / 2 - 1; i >= 0; i--)
        heapify(arr, n, i);

    // One by one extract an element from heap
    for (int i=n-1; i>=0; i--)
    {
        // Move current root to end
        swap(arr[0], arr[i]);

        // call max heapify on the reduced heap
        heapify(arr, i, 0);
    }
}

http://www.geeksforgeeks.org/heap-sort/

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